Χ χ chei (χεῐ) foundation pronounce: kh
The letter Χ means foundation.
Webster’s defines found as “to set up or establish on a firm basis or for enduring existence.”
Webster’s defines foundation as “the basis or groundwork of anything.”
Chi- (χι-) is a prefix meaning cross, crosswise.
The foundation of the Washington Monument in Washington D.C. is indicated on the illustrations, below, with an “X” within a square.
Blueprint illustrations for the Washington Monument in Washington, D. C. Note the “X” designating the Foundation. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Washington-Monument-1885.png
A traditional method for measuring a foundation is the Diagonal Method, illustrated below for a garage’s foundation:
Diagonal method of measuring for a garage foundation. http://www.garagetips-101.com/foundation-layout.html
For building a home, the same method applies:Diagonal method for measuring a home foundation. http://www.make-my-own-house.com/home-foundation-contractors.html
WORDS BEGINNING WITH THE LETTER Χ
There are a limited number of words that begin with the letter Χ, however, many words contain the letter Χ at the very beginning, and reflect the meaning of “foundation,” such as the following.
ARCH-
Archee (άρχή) means beginning, origin, literally “arising outflow-of foundation.”
Archaios (άρχαῖος) means from the beginning or origin, ancient, old, the basis for the word archaic.
Archeganos (άρχέγανος) means original, primal, first author or origin.
Architektonia (άρχιτεκτονία) means architecture. Tektonikos (τεκτονικός) means builder, joiner, carpenter. Architektonia (άρχιτεκτονία), then, means “beginning/origin of building.”
Vitruvius (circa 30 BCE), in his treatise On Architecture, says that the proportion of a temple should correspond with the proportions of the human body with arms and legs outstretched:
“. . . no building can be said to be well designed which wants symmetry and proportion. In truth they are as necessary to the beauty of a building as to that of a well formed human figure, which nature has so fashioned . . .
“Just so the parts of Temples should correspond with each other, and with the whole. The navel is naturally placed in the centre of the human body, and, if in a man [or woman] lying with his [or her] face upward, and his [or her] hands and feet extended, from his [or her] navel as the centre, a circle be described, it will touch his [or her] fingers and toes. It is not alone by a circle, that the human body is thus circumscribed, as may be seen by placing it within a square. For measuring from the feet to the crown of the head, and then across the arms fully extended, we find the latter measure equal to the former; so that lines at right angles to each other, enclosing the figure, will form a square.”
(Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. The Architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in Ten Books 3.1, translated from the Latin by Joseph Gwilt (London: Lockwood & Co., 1874) 63-64.)
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/3*.html
http://archive.org/stream/architecturemar00gwilgoog#page/n8/mode/2up
An illustration in De Architectura Liber Tertius (Book Third), demonstrates the proportions between a human body, circle, and square.
http://www.bl.uk/learning/images/bodies/illustrations/large7557.html
Note the repeated use of “X’s” on the building illustration on the facing page.
http://www.christies.com/lotfinderimages/d51560/d5156024l.jpg
Tracheelos (τράχηλος) means the neck and throat, the part of the body that extends beyond the “X,” literally “extend/stretch outflow-of foundation.”
OTHER WORDS WITH THE LETTER Χ
Anachoee (άναχοή) means eruption; ana- (άνα-) means arsing, rising up, so that anax- (άναχ-) translates as “rising up foundation.”
Achaios (Άχαιός) means the Achaeans, a term used in Homer’s works to refer to the Greeks in general.
Achnee (ἅχνη) is anything that comes off the surface: dew; lint; dust; of liquids, foam, froth; of solids, chaff, literally “arising foundation.”
Ech- (έχ-) is a prefix that means hold, hold tight, literally “essence (of) foundation.”
Glacho (γλάχώ), gleechon (γλήχων), and glachon (γλάχων) mean pennyroyal, an herb that can terminate a pregnancy, literally “generative loosen foundation.”
Ischas (ίσχάς) means that which holds, anchor, literally “divine-power synchronized foundation.”
Ichor (ίχώρ) is the juice, not blood, that flows in the veins of Gods and Goddesses, literally “divine-power foundation.”
Lechos (λέχος) means a couch or bed on which one reclines/relaxes/sleeps/gives birth, literally “loosen foundation.”
Meechos (μῆχος) means means, remedy, literally “meta center foundation.”
Ochee (οχή) means a prop or support. Ocheia (όχεία) means fertilization or to impregnate. Ocheuma (όχευμα) means embryo, literally “intact-entity foundation.” An ocheion (όχεῖον), an ox, is a male animal kept for breeding, for impregnating, such as a stallion or bull.
Psuchee (ψυχή) means soul, literally “incorporeal pure foundation.”
Rachis (ῤᾰχις), “outflow-of axis,” means spine, backbone, literally “outflow-of arising foundation.”
Scheema (σχῆμα) means form, shape, figure, appearance, outside show, military formation, "schematics." Webster’s defines schema as “an underlying organizational pattern or structure.”
Stach- (στᾰχ-) is a prefix meaning corn, a diet staple. A stachus (στάχυς) is an ear of corn and the name of the chief star in the constellation Virgo (August-September).
Stoicheion (στοιχεῖον) means element or fundamental principle.
Scholeion (σχολεῖον) means school, place for scholarship, literally “synchronized foundation.”
Teichos (τεῖχος) and toichos (τοῖχος) mean wall, literally “stretch/extend foundation.”
Techn- (τεχν-) is a prefix defined by the Lexicon as meaning art, the basis for the word technology. Techno (τεχνόω) means to instruct in an art or technique. Technos (τεχνος) means skills.
Ochros (ώχρός) means the yolk of the egg, literally “egg/brings-forth foundation.”
CHAOS
Chaos (Χάος) means the first state of the universe; the Pythagorean name for one, literally “foundation arising intact-entity.”
Chaios (χάϊος) and chaos (χᾱός) mean genuine, true, good.
According to Hesiod’s Theogony (an account of the origin of the universe written around 700 BCE), Chaos (Χάος) existed prior to everything else.
(116-117) “ἦ τοι μὲν πρώτιστα Χάος γένετ᾽, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Γαῖ᾽ εὐρύστερνος, πάντων ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ . . .”
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0129%3Acard%3D104
(ll. 116-117) “In truth at first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation . . .” http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1
(Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica. Theogony, translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1914; Reprinted in English by Dodo Press dodopress.co.uk, 2011) 30.)
The imaginative author of Metamorphoses (attributed to Ovid) describes Chaos as “a raw and undivided mass:”
"Ere land and sea and the all-covering sky
Were made, in the whole world the countenance
Of nature was the same, all one, well named
Chaos, a raw and undivided mass,
Naught but a lifeless bulk, with warring seeds
Of ill-joined elements compressed together.
No sun as yet poured light upon the world,
No waxing Phoebe moon her crescent filled anew,
Nor in the ambient air yet hung the earth,
Self-balanced, equipoised, nor Ocean’s arms
Embraced the long far margin of the land.
Though there were land and sea and air, the land
No foot could tread, no creature swim the sea,
The air was lightless; nothing kept its form,
All objects were at odds, since in one mass
Cold essence fought with hot, and moist with dry,
And hard with soft and light with things of weight.”
(Ovid. Metamorphoses 1. 1 ff, translated by A. D. Melville (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986) 1.) http://www.amazon.com/Metamorphoses-Oxford-Worlds-Classics-Ovid/dp/0199537372
EARTH
Hesiod’s Theogony (116) describes Earth as the first entity to arise from Chaos (Χάος):
“πρώτιστα Χάος γένετ'. αύτάρ ἕπειτα Γαῖ ευρύστερνος, πάντων ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ . . .”
http://viotikoskosmos.wikidot.com/theogonia
“At the first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation of all . . .”
(Hesiod (circa 750 BCE). Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica. Theogony, translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1914. Reprinted in English by Dodo Press dodopress.co.uk, 2011.)
Earth is the “ever-sure foundation.”
Choo- (χοο-) is a prefix meaning earth, literally “foundation intact-entity.”
Choikos (χοϊκός) means of earth or clay; of the age to take part in the festival of Choes (Χόες) (a day of the Anthesteria festival celebrated in honor of the deceased and the immortal Goddesses Demeter and Persephone.)
Chthon (χθών) means earth, especially the surface of it, ground, literally “foundation divine.”
Chthonios (χθόνιος) means in, under, or beneath the earth; sprung from the earth.
Chous (χοῦς) means soil excavated or heaped up.
Choo (χόω) means throw or heap up earth; raised mounds; cover with earth, bury.
Chutra (χύτρα) means earthen pot, earthenware, pottery.
Choma (χῶμα) means earth thrown up, bank, mound; sepulchral (tomb) mound; heap; dyke.
Chophorion (χωφοριον) means a load of earth.
Chamai (χᾰμαί) means on the ground.
Chamadis (χᾰμάδῐς) means on the ground, to the ground. Cham- (χαμ-) and chamai- (χᾰμαι-) are prefixes meaning ground.
Chamaidaphnee (χᾰμαιδάφνη), also known as daphnee (δάφνη) is periwinkle, Vinca herbacea, a low-growing perennial ground cover that produces five-petal blooms. http://seniorhiker.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/periwinkle09033001.jpg
Chamaikoitia (χᾰμαικοιτία) means lying or sleeping on the ground.
Chamaimeelon (χᾰμαιμηλον) means earth-apple, chamomile, a low-growing perennial so-called because of its apple-like scent.
Chamomile bloom. http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/edible-flower-entry.php?term=Chamomile%20Flowers
CHARMING
Charma (χάρμα) means source of joy, delight. Recall that chaios (χάϊος) means genuine, true, good.
Chara (χᾰρά) means joy, delight.
Charis (χάρις) means grace, beauty, kindness, goodwill. Charis (Χάρις) are the Charites, the Graces, the immortal Goddesses of grace and beauty.
Chartos (χαρτός) means causing delight.
Charieis (χᾰρίεις) means graceful, beautiful, gracious, elegant, clever, smart, kind, courteous, cheerful.
Chairo (χαίρω) means rejoice, take pleasure in; gladness, delight, joy.
EARTH GODDESSES
Choes (Χόες) is the second day of the Anthesteria celebrated in honor of the immortal Goddess Persephone to commemorate her reunion with her Mother, Demeter. (Willam Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.) The Anthesteria, celebrated in February/March, also commemorates deceased loved ones.
Choee (χοή) means pouring out of liquids, drink-offering, especially to the deceased over their graves.
Choiniks (χοῖνιξ) is the choenix, a dry measure of corn, one person's daily allowance of corn. Demeter is the immortal Goddess of corn and other grains.
Choira (χοίρα) is a sow; choiros (χοῖρος) is a young pig. Pigs are sacred to the immortal Goddess Demeter. Choir- (χοίρ-) is a prefix meaning pig.
Chloee (χλόη) means the first green shoots of plants in spring; an epithet of the immortal Goddess Demeter; verdant; from the young corn worshipped in Attica, literally “foundation loosened.”
Chloia (χλόϊα) is the festival of Demeter Chloee and her daughter, Koree (Κόρη), at Eleusis.
Chloros (χλωρός) means greenish-yellow, pale green, green, fresh, the basis for the word chlorophyll.
Chnoao (χνοάω) means the bloom of the first down, of fruit; downy.
First down of feathers. http://www.zooborns.com/zooborns/flamingo/
CHARON
Charon (Χάρων) is the ferryman of Styx, the netherworld river; also, a staircase in the theater leading up to the stage as if from the netherworld by which ghosts entered, literally “foundation arising outflow.”
Below, an image of Charon and Hermes, two immortal Gods charged with conveying people to and from destinations. Charon’s role is restricted to the netherworld.
Charon and Hermes.
Metropolitan Museum, New York, USA Museum Catalogue Number: New York 21.88.17 Beazley Archive Number: 212345 Ware: Attic Red Figure (White-Ground) Lekythos, Attributed to the Sabouroff Painter. http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/N11.2.html
“ORACLE,” CHREESTEES
“Oracles” of ancient Greece directly channeled divine will while seated over a chasm (χάσμα, χάσις) in the earth. “Oracles” had the first and last word on matters of state and other weighty issues.
Chrao (χράω) means a proclamation declared; “oracle” delivered; to warn or direct by “oracle;” to inquire of an “oracle,” literally “foundation outflow arising.”
Chree (χρή) means something that ought to have been; fate, destiny.
Chreezo (χρήζω) means deliver an “oracle,” foretell.
Chreesis (χρῆσις) means employment/use of a thing, usage; “oracular” response.
Chreesm- (χρησμ-) is a prefix meaning “oracle.”
Chreesmos (χρησμός) means “oracular” response, “oracle,” prophecy.
Chreesteerion (χρηστήριον) means the seat of an “oracle,” such as Delphi; “oracular” response; an offering for the “oracle.”
Chreestees (χρήστης) means one who gives or expounds “oracles,” prophet.
Chreestos (χρηστός) means useful, good of its kind, serviceable, wholesome, pleasant, nice, worthy, kindly.
Chreestotee (χρηστότη) means goodness, honesty, uprightness, kindness.
NECESSITY
Chreo- (χρεω-) is a prefix meaning debt, obligation, necessity.
Chreos (χρεός) means that which one must pay, debt, obligation; debt due; the debt that one must pay; fate; death.
Chreo (χρέω) means want, need, necessity, destiny, fate; “oracle,” prophesy.
Chreon (χρεών) means that which must be; necessity, fate.
Chreia (χρεία) means need, want, necessity.
Chreios (χρεῖος) means needing, in want of, needy.
Chateo (χᾰτέω) means crave, need.
Cheeteia (χητεία) means want, need, lack.
Chreema (χρῆμα) means need, a thing that one needs or uses; goods, property, treasures, heirlooms, sum, fund of money, merchandise. Chreemato- (χρημᾰτο-) is a prefix meaning wealth, money.
Cheir (χείρ) means in hand, the hand whether closed or open; under control, take matter in hand; in one's power.
Cher- (χερ-) is a prefix meaning hand.
Chersos (χέρσος) means dry, un-irrigated land, barren, perhaps to indicate land that needs to be cultivated by hand.
CHRONOLOGY
Chronos (χρόνος) means time, literally “foundation outflow-of intact-entity prevailing.”
The ancients calculated time by observing heavenly bodies’ interaction with the surface of the earth and with eachother. The sundial measures time by where the sun casts its shadow. The moon/calend/month is reckoned by observing the sun’s rays as they reflect on the surface of the moon. The 12 zodiac periods are reckoned by when the first sign of each constellation breaks the earth’s horizon.
In one Orphic fragment, Chronos, the immortal God of time, is described as pre-existing Chaos:
“Out of Chronos are born Aither with Chaos and Erebos, or as the Rhapsodies have it, Aither and a great yawning gulf, and darkness over all. Next, Chronos fashions in Aither an agg. The egg splits in two and Phanes, the first-born of the [G]ods [and Goddesses] (Protogonos), springs forth.”
(William Keith Chambers Guthrie. Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952) 80.)
Guthrie quotes the Rhapsodies as follows:
"66. Proklos. “Of this Chronos, the ageless one, whose counsels never perish, was born Aither and a great yawning gulf on this side and on that: and there was not limit to it, no bottom nor foundation.”
(Orphica, Rhapsodies Fragment 66) 137.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=-C6wNyrxUO8C&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=(Orphic,+Rhapsodies&source=bl&ots=vAfx1dhvex&sig=1K8p3qgmcBLPIRcO4wf1LgFe82M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xqDQUK_jAoWD0QGyxoGwAw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=chronos&f=false
Chronikos (χρονικός) means chronological, concerning time.
Chronizo (χρονίζω) means spend time.
A DEFINED PLACE
The chorus in theater and music is the foundational element.
Orchas (όρχάς) means enclosing. The orcheestra (όρχήστρα) is the space in the theatre on which the chorus dances, literally “intact-entity outflow-of foundation.” Chord- (χορδ-) is a prefix meaning a string of guts, as used in musical instruments.
Chora (χώρα) means land; place; position; country, literally “foundation brings-forth outflow-of.”
Choros (χῶρος) means a definite space, piece of ground, place; land, country.
Choros (χορός) means chorus, choir, a band of dancers and singers. Choro- (χορό-) is a prefix meaning chorus, choral dance.
Choreia (χορεία) is a dance, especially a choral dance with music.
Choriambikos (χορῐαμβικός) means choriambic, a foot of four syllables (- υ υ -) consisting of a chorius (-υ) and an iambus (υ -).
A chorion (χόρῐον) is the membrane that encloses the fetus in the womb; the membrane round the inside of the egg; any intestinal membrane.
Chortos (χόρτος) means feeding-place, feeding-ground, pasturage.
Choronos (χορωνός) means encircling crown, corona.
GOLD, COPPER MINES
Ruchion (ρύχιον) means mine, such as a copper-mine, literally “outflow pure foundation.” Rochmee (ῤωχμή) means fissures.
Chrusos (χρῦσός) means gold. Chrus- (χρύσ-) and chruso- (χρῦσο-) are prefixes meaning golden, gold, literally “foundation outflow pure.”
Chruseion (χρῦσεῖον) means gold-mine.
Chruseos (χρύσεος) means golden.
Chrusion (χρῡσίον) means gold, a piece of gold, anything made of gold, gold coin, money.
Chumeia (χῠμεία) means alchemy, the art of alloying metals.
Choneia (χωνεία) means melting and casting of metal. Note that Webster’s defines found as “to melt or pour (metal, glass, etc.) into a mold.”
Chalkos (χαλκός) means copper.
Chalk- (χαλκ-) is a prefix meaning copper, brass, bronze.
Chalkeedon (χαλκηδών) is chalcedony, a type of quartz. Quartz veins typically are copper- and gold-bearing. (http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/nl/nl11.htm )
Chalao (χᾰλάω) means slacken, loosen, let loose, release. Chal- (χάλ-) is a prefix meaning slack, loose. Chaliks (χάλιξ) means small stone, pebble, gravel, literally “foundation loosened.”
CHASM, RAVINE
Chasma (χάσμα) means a yawning chasm, gulf, literally “foundation arising synchronized-contraction meta.”
Schasma (σχάσμα) means incision, literally “synchronized chasm.” Schizo (σχίζω) means split, cleave.
Chasis (χάσις) means chasm.
Chasko (χάσκω) means yawn, gap, chasm.
Charadree (χαράδρη) is a mountain stream which cuts itself a way down the mountain-side; the bed of such a stream, gully, ravine.
SURFACE
Webster’s defines surface as “the outer face, outside, or exterior boundary of a thing; outermost or uppermost layer or area.”
Cheilos (χεῑλος) means on the surface only, literally “foundation essence loosened.”
Chrimpto (χρίμπτω) means touch the surface, graze, scratch, literally “foundation outflow.”
Chrio (χρίω) means touch the surface of a body slightly, graze, rub, anoint, anoint with scented unguents or oil; anoint a suppliant; wound on the surface.
Chroia (χροιά) means skin, surface.
Chrauo (χραύω) means scrape, graze the surface.
Chrozo (χρῴζω) means touch the surface of a body, touch, tinge, stain, paint.
Chroma (χρῶμα) means skin; color; complexion; tinge, the basis for the word chromatic.
Chros (χρώς) means skin; color.
Chrotizo (χρωτίζω) means color.
CHARACTER/CHART
Charaktar (χᾰρακτήρ) means engraver. Charasso (χᾰράσσω) means make pointed, sharpen, whet. Charak- (χᾰρᾰκ-) is a prefix meaning stake, as used to form a palisade or fence or to prop grapevines. A charaks (χάραξ) is a pointed stake.
Charagma (χάραγμα) means any mark engraved, imprinted, or branded; inscription; stamped document; stamped money, coin; character.
Charto- (χαρτο-) is a prefix meaning papyrus, paper, the surface upon which one writes; chart.
Charteeria (χαρτηρία) means papyrus.
A chartopatees (χαρτοπράτης) is a dealer in papyrus.
POUR
Cheo (χέω) means pour, let flow, become liquid, literally “foundation essence brings-forth,” perhaps in reference to the liquidity of lava.
Cheua (χεῦα), cheue (χεῦε) and cheo (χέω) mean pour out, let flow, gush forth, become liquid, melt, dissolve, literally “foundation essence pure.”
Chudaios (χύδαῖος) means poured out in streams.
Chudeen (χύδην) means poured out in floods or heaps.
Chulos (χῦλός) and chumos (χῦμός) mean juice.
Chuma (χύμα) means that which is poured out or flows, fluid.
Chusis (χύσις) means pour forth, stream.
Chutos (χῠτός) means poured.
COLD
Cheima (χεῖμα) means winter weather, cold, frost, literally “foundation essence divine,” perhaps reflecting the coldness within the earth, such as in caves.
Chion (χιών) means snow. Chion- (χῐόν-) is a prefix meaning snow.
WARMTH; COVERING
Chlia (χλιά) means warmth, warm up, grow warm, literally “foundation loosened.”
A chlaina (χλαῖνα) is an upper garment, cloak, wrapper worn loosely over the chiton; blanket.
A chlamus (χλᾰμύς) is a short mantle worn by the military.
A chlanis (χλᾰνίς) is an upper garment of wool worn by men and women.
A chiton (χῐτών) is a garment, tunic, coat, covering worn by both men and women.
A chiton. http://www.fashion-era.com/ancient_costume/ancient-greek-dress-chiton.htm
Chelus (χέλυς) means tortoise shell, anything like the shell of a tortoise.
Chelonee (χελώνη) means overlapping shields, a military technique.
CHIMAERA
Chimaira (Χίμαιρα) means Chimaera, a three-headed, fire-breathing monster, explained as mythical for a volcano.
“Mount Chimaera . . . is on fire, and indeed burns with a flame that does not die by day or night.”
(Pliny. Natural History CX, translated by H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann, 1937.)
“ . . . the Chimaera . . . was a single creature which yet had the power of three, having the foreparts of a lion, the tail of a dragon, and a third head in the middle—a goat’s head, through which it breathed fire. The beast was devastating the land and destroying the cattle.”
(Apollodorus. The Library of Greek Mythology, translated by Robin Hard (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) 64.)
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0872910725/ref=rdr_ext_tmb
The Chimera, South Italian red-figure kylix, circa 350 BCE. Musée du Louvre, Paris
http://www.theoi.com/Ther/Khimaira.html
"Chimaera of Arezzo," Etruscan (from Arezzo,) 400-375 BCE., Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence
Photo: Fernando Guerrini. http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2009/03/antiquities_diplomacy_part_ii.html
Chimaros (χίμᾰρος) means young male goat. Chimaira (χίμαιρα) means female goat. Goats are easily domesticated, useful for their milk, meat, hair, and hide.
LAME
Chol- (χωλ-) is a prefix meaning lame, maimed, literally “foundation loosened.”
Cholos (χωλός) means lame, halting, limping.
GALL, BILE
Chola (χολή) and cholos (χόλος) mean gall, bile.
Cholas (χολάς) means bowels, gut, stomach. Cholao (χολάω) means to be full of bile, to be melancholy (black-biled).
Cholera (χολέρα) is a disease in which the humors of the body (χολή) are violently discharged by vomiting and stool; nausea.
ALL-HEAL: MEDICINAL FOUNDATION
Chalbanee (χαλβάνη) is the resinous juice of all-heal, Ferula galbaniflua.
Cheironeios (Χειρώνειος) is Cheiron's all-heal, Hypericum olympicum, bryony.
OTHER
Chaitee (χαίτη) means loose, flowing hair; a horse or lion's mane; the crest of a helmet; a tuft of the papyrus plant.
Chazo (χάζω) means drawback or retire from; bereave or deprive of.
Chaldaios (Χαλδαῖος) means Chaldean (Babylonian/modern Iraq).
Chalepto (χᾰλέπτω) means oppress, crush.
Chanos (χάνος) means mouth.
Chaunos (χαῦνος) means porous, spongy, loose-grained.
Cheia (χειά) means hole, especially of serpents. The name of the letter Χ is χεῐ, so that cheia (χειά) literally means “foundation arising.” Snakes are “ambassadors” of the earth and the regions below the earth’s surface.
Cheelos (χηλός) means coffin.
Cheen (χήν) means goose.
Chthes (χθές), chthizos (χθιζός), and chthisdos (χθίσδος) mean yesterday.
Cheera (χήρα) means widow.
Chida (χιδά) means to be shuddered at, awful.
Chidaleon (χιδαλέον) means closed with no outlet.
Chidra (χῖδρα) and chidron (χῖδρον) mean wheaten-groats; whole-grains; bulgur.
Chili- (χῑλι-) is a prefix meaning thousand, a prefix for many words.
Chilos (χῖλός) and chilo (χῖλόω) mean fodder for cattle, forage, hay.
Chleuee (χλεύη) means joke, jest, mock.
Chleedees (χλήδης) means eunuch.
Chondros (χονδρός) means granular, coarse; a granual or lump.
Chrem- (χρεμ-) is a prefix meaning neigh, whinny, roar, expectorate, clear one's throat, cough.
The letter Χ means foundation.
Webster’s defines found as “to set up or establish on a firm basis or for enduring existence.”
Webster’s defines foundation as “the basis or groundwork of anything.”
Chi- (χι-) is a prefix meaning cross, crosswise.
The foundation of the Washington Monument in Washington D.C. is indicated on the illustrations, below, with an “X” within a square.
Blueprint illustrations for the Washington Monument in Washington, D. C. Note the “X” designating the Foundation. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Washington-Monument-1885.png
A traditional method for measuring a foundation is the Diagonal Method, illustrated below for a garage’s foundation:
Diagonal method of measuring for a garage foundation. http://www.garagetips-101.com/foundation-layout.html
For building a home, the same method applies:Diagonal method for measuring a home foundation. http://www.make-my-own-house.com/home-foundation-contractors.html
WORDS BEGINNING WITH THE LETTER Χ
There are a limited number of words that begin with the letter Χ, however, many words contain the letter Χ at the very beginning, and reflect the meaning of “foundation,” such as the following.
ARCH-
Archee (άρχή) means beginning, origin, literally “arising outflow-of foundation.”
Archaios (άρχαῖος) means from the beginning or origin, ancient, old, the basis for the word archaic.
Archeganos (άρχέγανος) means original, primal, first author or origin.
Architektonia (άρχιτεκτονία) means architecture. Tektonikos (τεκτονικός) means builder, joiner, carpenter. Architektonia (άρχιτεκτονία), then, means “beginning/origin of building.”
Vitruvius (circa 30 BCE), in his treatise On Architecture, says that the proportion of a temple should correspond with the proportions of the human body with arms and legs outstretched:
“. . . no building can be said to be well designed which wants symmetry and proportion. In truth they are as necessary to the beauty of a building as to that of a well formed human figure, which nature has so fashioned . . .
“Just so the parts of Temples should correspond with each other, and with the whole. The navel is naturally placed in the centre of the human body, and, if in a man [or woman] lying with his [or her] face upward, and his [or her] hands and feet extended, from his [or her] navel as the centre, a circle be described, it will touch his [or her] fingers and toes. It is not alone by a circle, that the human body is thus circumscribed, as may be seen by placing it within a square. For measuring from the feet to the crown of the head, and then across the arms fully extended, we find the latter measure equal to the former; so that lines at right angles to each other, enclosing the figure, will form a square.”
(Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. The Architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in Ten Books 3.1, translated from the Latin by Joseph Gwilt (London: Lockwood & Co., 1874) 63-64.)
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/3*.html
http://archive.org/stream/architecturemar00gwilgoog#page/n8/mode/2up
An illustration in De Architectura Liber Tertius (Book Third), demonstrates the proportions between a human body, circle, and square.
http://www.bl.uk/learning/images/bodies/illustrations/large7557.html
Note the repeated use of “X’s” on the building illustration on the facing page.
http://www.christies.com/lotfinderimages/d51560/d5156024l.jpg
Tracheelos (τράχηλος) means the neck and throat, the part of the body that extends beyond the “X,” literally “extend/stretch outflow-of foundation.”
OTHER WORDS WITH THE LETTER Χ
Anachoee (άναχοή) means eruption; ana- (άνα-) means arsing, rising up, so that anax- (άναχ-) translates as “rising up foundation.”
Achaios (Άχαιός) means the Achaeans, a term used in Homer’s works to refer to the Greeks in general.
Achnee (ἅχνη) is anything that comes off the surface: dew; lint; dust; of liquids, foam, froth; of solids, chaff, literally “arising foundation.”
Ech- (έχ-) is a prefix that means hold, hold tight, literally “essence (of) foundation.”
Glacho (γλάχώ), gleechon (γλήχων), and glachon (γλάχων) mean pennyroyal, an herb that can terminate a pregnancy, literally “generative loosen foundation.”
Ischas (ίσχάς) means that which holds, anchor, literally “divine-power synchronized foundation.”
Ichor (ίχώρ) is the juice, not blood, that flows in the veins of Gods and Goddesses, literally “divine-power foundation.”
Lechos (λέχος) means a couch or bed on which one reclines/relaxes/sleeps/gives birth, literally “loosen foundation.”
Meechos (μῆχος) means means, remedy, literally “meta center foundation.”
Ochee (οχή) means a prop or support. Ocheia (όχεία) means fertilization or to impregnate. Ocheuma (όχευμα) means embryo, literally “intact-entity foundation.” An ocheion (όχεῖον), an ox, is a male animal kept for breeding, for impregnating, such as a stallion or bull.
Psuchee (ψυχή) means soul, literally “incorporeal pure foundation.”
Rachis (ῤᾰχις), “outflow-of axis,” means spine, backbone, literally “outflow-of arising foundation.”
Scheema (σχῆμα) means form, shape, figure, appearance, outside show, military formation, "schematics." Webster’s defines schema as “an underlying organizational pattern or structure.”
Stach- (στᾰχ-) is a prefix meaning corn, a diet staple. A stachus (στάχυς) is an ear of corn and the name of the chief star in the constellation Virgo (August-September).
Stoicheion (στοιχεῖον) means element or fundamental principle.
Scholeion (σχολεῖον) means school, place for scholarship, literally “synchronized foundation.”
Teichos (τεῖχος) and toichos (τοῖχος) mean wall, literally “stretch/extend foundation.”
Techn- (τεχν-) is a prefix defined by the Lexicon as meaning art, the basis for the word technology. Techno (τεχνόω) means to instruct in an art or technique. Technos (τεχνος) means skills.
Ochros (ώχρός) means the yolk of the egg, literally “egg/brings-forth foundation.”
CHAOS
Chaos (Χάος) means the first state of the universe; the Pythagorean name for one, literally “foundation arising intact-entity.”
Chaios (χάϊος) and chaos (χᾱός) mean genuine, true, good.
According to Hesiod’s Theogony (an account of the origin of the universe written around 700 BCE), Chaos (Χάος) existed prior to everything else.
(116-117) “ἦ τοι μὲν πρώτιστα Χάος γένετ᾽, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Γαῖ᾽ εὐρύστερνος, πάντων ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ . . .”
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0129%3Acard%3D104
(ll. 116-117) “In truth at first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation . . .” http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1
(Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica. Theogony, translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1914; Reprinted in English by Dodo Press dodopress.co.uk, 2011) 30.)
The imaginative author of Metamorphoses (attributed to Ovid) describes Chaos as “a raw and undivided mass:”
"Ere land and sea and the all-covering sky
Were made, in the whole world the countenance
Of nature was the same, all one, well named
Chaos, a raw and undivided mass,
Naught but a lifeless bulk, with warring seeds
Of ill-joined elements compressed together.
No sun as yet poured light upon the world,
No waxing Phoebe moon her crescent filled anew,
Nor in the ambient air yet hung the earth,
Self-balanced, equipoised, nor Ocean’s arms
Embraced the long far margin of the land.
Though there were land and sea and air, the land
No foot could tread, no creature swim the sea,
The air was lightless; nothing kept its form,
All objects were at odds, since in one mass
Cold essence fought with hot, and moist with dry,
And hard with soft and light with things of weight.”
(Ovid. Metamorphoses 1. 1 ff, translated by A. D. Melville (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986) 1.) http://www.amazon.com/Metamorphoses-Oxford-Worlds-Classics-Ovid/dp/0199537372
EARTH
Hesiod’s Theogony (116) describes Earth as the first entity to arise from Chaos (Χάος):
“πρώτιστα Χάος γένετ'. αύτάρ ἕπειτα Γαῖ ευρύστερνος, πάντων ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ . . .”
http://viotikoskosmos.wikidot.com/theogonia
“At the first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation of all . . .”
(Hesiod (circa 750 BCE). Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica. Theogony, translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1914. Reprinted in English by Dodo Press dodopress.co.uk, 2011.)
Earth is the “ever-sure foundation.”
Choo- (χοο-) is a prefix meaning earth, literally “foundation intact-entity.”
Choikos (χοϊκός) means of earth or clay; of the age to take part in the festival of Choes (Χόες) (a day of the Anthesteria festival celebrated in honor of the deceased and the immortal Goddesses Demeter and Persephone.)
Chthon (χθών) means earth, especially the surface of it, ground, literally “foundation divine.”
Chthonios (χθόνιος) means in, under, or beneath the earth; sprung from the earth.
Chous (χοῦς) means soil excavated or heaped up.
Choo (χόω) means throw or heap up earth; raised mounds; cover with earth, bury.
Chutra (χύτρα) means earthen pot, earthenware, pottery.
Choma (χῶμα) means earth thrown up, bank, mound; sepulchral (tomb) mound; heap; dyke.
Chophorion (χωφοριον) means a load of earth.
Chamai (χᾰμαί) means on the ground.
Chamadis (χᾰμάδῐς) means on the ground, to the ground. Cham- (χαμ-) and chamai- (χᾰμαι-) are prefixes meaning ground.
Chamaidaphnee (χᾰμαιδάφνη), also known as daphnee (δάφνη) is periwinkle, Vinca herbacea, a low-growing perennial ground cover that produces five-petal blooms. http://seniorhiker.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/periwinkle09033001.jpg
Chamaikoitia (χᾰμαικοιτία) means lying or sleeping on the ground.
Chamaimeelon (χᾰμαιμηλον) means earth-apple, chamomile, a low-growing perennial so-called because of its apple-like scent.
Chamomile bloom. http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/edible-flower-entry.php?term=Chamomile%20Flowers
CHARMING
Charma (χάρμα) means source of joy, delight. Recall that chaios (χάϊος) means genuine, true, good.
Chara (χᾰρά) means joy, delight.
Charis (χάρις) means grace, beauty, kindness, goodwill. Charis (Χάρις) are the Charites, the Graces, the immortal Goddesses of grace and beauty.
Chartos (χαρτός) means causing delight.
Charieis (χᾰρίεις) means graceful, beautiful, gracious, elegant, clever, smart, kind, courteous, cheerful.
Chairo (χαίρω) means rejoice, take pleasure in; gladness, delight, joy.
EARTH GODDESSES
Choes (Χόες) is the second day of the Anthesteria celebrated in honor of the immortal Goddess Persephone to commemorate her reunion with her Mother, Demeter. (Willam Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.) The Anthesteria, celebrated in February/March, also commemorates deceased loved ones.
Choee (χοή) means pouring out of liquids, drink-offering, especially to the deceased over their graves.
Choiniks (χοῖνιξ) is the choenix, a dry measure of corn, one person's daily allowance of corn. Demeter is the immortal Goddess of corn and other grains.
Choira (χοίρα) is a sow; choiros (χοῖρος) is a young pig. Pigs are sacred to the immortal Goddess Demeter. Choir- (χοίρ-) is a prefix meaning pig.
Chloee (χλόη) means the first green shoots of plants in spring; an epithet of the immortal Goddess Demeter; verdant; from the young corn worshipped in Attica, literally “foundation loosened.”
Chloia (χλόϊα) is the festival of Demeter Chloee and her daughter, Koree (Κόρη), at Eleusis.
Chloros (χλωρός) means greenish-yellow, pale green, green, fresh, the basis for the word chlorophyll.
Chnoao (χνοάω) means the bloom of the first down, of fruit; downy.
First down of feathers. http://www.zooborns.com/zooborns/flamingo/
CHARON
Charon (Χάρων) is the ferryman of Styx, the netherworld river; also, a staircase in the theater leading up to the stage as if from the netherworld by which ghosts entered, literally “foundation arising outflow.”
Below, an image of Charon and Hermes, two immortal Gods charged with conveying people to and from destinations. Charon’s role is restricted to the netherworld.
Charon and Hermes.
Metropolitan Museum, New York, USA Museum Catalogue Number: New York 21.88.17 Beazley Archive Number: 212345 Ware: Attic Red Figure (White-Ground) Lekythos, Attributed to the Sabouroff Painter. http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/N11.2.html
“ORACLE,” CHREESTEES
“Oracles” of ancient Greece directly channeled divine will while seated over a chasm (χάσμα, χάσις) in the earth. “Oracles” had the first and last word on matters of state and other weighty issues.
Chrao (χράω) means a proclamation declared; “oracle” delivered; to warn or direct by “oracle;” to inquire of an “oracle,” literally “foundation outflow arising.”
Chree (χρή) means something that ought to have been; fate, destiny.
Chreezo (χρήζω) means deliver an “oracle,” foretell.
Chreesis (χρῆσις) means employment/use of a thing, usage; “oracular” response.
Chreesm- (χρησμ-) is a prefix meaning “oracle.”
Chreesmos (χρησμός) means “oracular” response, “oracle,” prophecy.
Chreesteerion (χρηστήριον) means the seat of an “oracle,” such as Delphi; “oracular” response; an offering for the “oracle.”
Chreestees (χρήστης) means one who gives or expounds “oracles,” prophet.
Chreestos (χρηστός) means useful, good of its kind, serviceable, wholesome, pleasant, nice, worthy, kindly.
Chreestotee (χρηστότη) means goodness, honesty, uprightness, kindness.
NECESSITY
Chreo- (χρεω-) is a prefix meaning debt, obligation, necessity.
Chreos (χρεός) means that which one must pay, debt, obligation; debt due; the debt that one must pay; fate; death.
Chreo (χρέω) means want, need, necessity, destiny, fate; “oracle,” prophesy.
Chreon (χρεών) means that which must be; necessity, fate.
Chreia (χρεία) means need, want, necessity.
Chreios (χρεῖος) means needing, in want of, needy.
Chateo (χᾰτέω) means crave, need.
Cheeteia (χητεία) means want, need, lack.
Chreema (χρῆμα) means need, a thing that one needs or uses; goods, property, treasures, heirlooms, sum, fund of money, merchandise. Chreemato- (χρημᾰτο-) is a prefix meaning wealth, money.
Cheir (χείρ) means in hand, the hand whether closed or open; under control, take matter in hand; in one's power.
Cher- (χερ-) is a prefix meaning hand.
Chersos (χέρσος) means dry, un-irrigated land, barren, perhaps to indicate land that needs to be cultivated by hand.
CHRONOLOGY
Chronos (χρόνος) means time, literally “foundation outflow-of intact-entity prevailing.”
The ancients calculated time by observing heavenly bodies’ interaction with the surface of the earth and with eachother. The sundial measures time by where the sun casts its shadow. The moon/calend/month is reckoned by observing the sun’s rays as they reflect on the surface of the moon. The 12 zodiac periods are reckoned by when the first sign of each constellation breaks the earth’s horizon.
In one Orphic fragment, Chronos, the immortal God of time, is described as pre-existing Chaos:
“Out of Chronos are born Aither with Chaos and Erebos, or as the Rhapsodies have it, Aither and a great yawning gulf, and darkness over all. Next, Chronos fashions in Aither an agg. The egg splits in two and Phanes, the first-born of the [G]ods [and Goddesses] (Protogonos), springs forth.”
(William Keith Chambers Guthrie. Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952) 80.)
Guthrie quotes the Rhapsodies as follows:
"66. Proklos. “Of this Chronos, the ageless one, whose counsels never perish, was born Aither and a great yawning gulf on this side and on that: and there was not limit to it, no bottom nor foundation.”
(Orphica, Rhapsodies Fragment 66) 137.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=-C6wNyrxUO8C&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=(Orphic,+Rhapsodies&source=bl&ots=vAfx1dhvex&sig=1K8p3qgmcBLPIRcO4wf1LgFe82M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xqDQUK_jAoWD0QGyxoGwAw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=chronos&f=false
Chronikos (χρονικός) means chronological, concerning time.
Chronizo (χρονίζω) means spend time.
A DEFINED PLACE
The chorus in theater and music is the foundational element.
Orchas (όρχάς) means enclosing. The orcheestra (όρχήστρα) is the space in the theatre on which the chorus dances, literally “intact-entity outflow-of foundation.” Chord- (χορδ-) is a prefix meaning a string of guts, as used in musical instruments.
Chora (χώρα) means land; place; position; country, literally “foundation brings-forth outflow-of.”
Choros (χῶρος) means a definite space, piece of ground, place; land, country.
Choros (χορός) means chorus, choir, a band of dancers and singers. Choro- (χορό-) is a prefix meaning chorus, choral dance.
Choreia (χορεία) is a dance, especially a choral dance with music.
Choriambikos (χορῐαμβικός) means choriambic, a foot of four syllables (- υ υ -) consisting of a chorius (-υ) and an iambus (υ -).
A chorion (χόρῐον) is the membrane that encloses the fetus in the womb; the membrane round the inside of the egg; any intestinal membrane.
Chortos (χόρτος) means feeding-place, feeding-ground, pasturage.
Choronos (χορωνός) means encircling crown, corona.
GOLD, COPPER MINES
Ruchion (ρύχιον) means mine, such as a copper-mine, literally “outflow pure foundation.” Rochmee (ῤωχμή) means fissures.
Chrusos (χρῦσός) means gold. Chrus- (χρύσ-) and chruso- (χρῦσο-) are prefixes meaning golden, gold, literally “foundation outflow pure.”
Chruseion (χρῦσεῖον) means gold-mine.
Chruseos (χρύσεος) means golden.
Chrusion (χρῡσίον) means gold, a piece of gold, anything made of gold, gold coin, money.
Chumeia (χῠμεία) means alchemy, the art of alloying metals.
Choneia (χωνεία) means melting and casting of metal. Note that Webster’s defines found as “to melt or pour (metal, glass, etc.) into a mold.”
Chalkos (χαλκός) means copper.
Chalk- (χαλκ-) is a prefix meaning copper, brass, bronze.
Chalkeedon (χαλκηδών) is chalcedony, a type of quartz. Quartz veins typically are copper- and gold-bearing. (http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/nl/nl11.htm )
Chalao (χᾰλάω) means slacken, loosen, let loose, release. Chal- (χάλ-) is a prefix meaning slack, loose. Chaliks (χάλιξ) means small stone, pebble, gravel, literally “foundation loosened.”
CHASM, RAVINE
Chasma (χάσμα) means a yawning chasm, gulf, literally “foundation arising synchronized-contraction meta.”
Schasma (σχάσμα) means incision, literally “synchronized chasm.” Schizo (σχίζω) means split, cleave.
Chasis (χάσις) means chasm.
Chasko (χάσκω) means yawn, gap, chasm.
Charadree (χαράδρη) is a mountain stream which cuts itself a way down the mountain-side; the bed of such a stream, gully, ravine.
SURFACE
Webster’s defines surface as “the outer face, outside, or exterior boundary of a thing; outermost or uppermost layer or area.”
Cheilos (χεῑλος) means on the surface only, literally “foundation essence loosened.”
Chrimpto (χρίμπτω) means touch the surface, graze, scratch, literally “foundation outflow.”
Chrio (χρίω) means touch the surface of a body slightly, graze, rub, anoint, anoint with scented unguents or oil; anoint a suppliant; wound on the surface.
Chroia (χροιά) means skin, surface.
Chrauo (χραύω) means scrape, graze the surface.
Chrozo (χρῴζω) means touch the surface of a body, touch, tinge, stain, paint.
Chroma (χρῶμα) means skin; color; complexion; tinge, the basis for the word chromatic.
Chros (χρώς) means skin; color.
Chrotizo (χρωτίζω) means color.
CHARACTER/CHART
Charaktar (χᾰρακτήρ) means engraver. Charasso (χᾰράσσω) means make pointed, sharpen, whet. Charak- (χᾰρᾰκ-) is a prefix meaning stake, as used to form a palisade or fence or to prop grapevines. A charaks (χάραξ) is a pointed stake.
Charagma (χάραγμα) means any mark engraved, imprinted, or branded; inscription; stamped document; stamped money, coin; character.
Charto- (χαρτο-) is a prefix meaning papyrus, paper, the surface upon which one writes; chart.
Charteeria (χαρτηρία) means papyrus.
A chartopatees (χαρτοπράτης) is a dealer in papyrus.
POUR
Cheo (χέω) means pour, let flow, become liquid, literally “foundation essence brings-forth,” perhaps in reference to the liquidity of lava.
Cheua (χεῦα), cheue (χεῦε) and cheo (χέω) mean pour out, let flow, gush forth, become liquid, melt, dissolve, literally “foundation essence pure.”
Chudaios (χύδαῖος) means poured out in streams.
Chudeen (χύδην) means poured out in floods or heaps.
Chulos (χῦλός) and chumos (χῦμός) mean juice.
Chuma (χύμα) means that which is poured out or flows, fluid.
Chusis (χύσις) means pour forth, stream.
Chutos (χῠτός) means poured.
COLD
Cheima (χεῖμα) means winter weather, cold, frost, literally “foundation essence divine,” perhaps reflecting the coldness within the earth, such as in caves.
Chion (χιών) means snow. Chion- (χῐόν-) is a prefix meaning snow.
WARMTH; COVERING
Chlia (χλιά) means warmth, warm up, grow warm, literally “foundation loosened.”
A chlaina (χλαῖνα) is an upper garment, cloak, wrapper worn loosely over the chiton; blanket.
A chlamus (χλᾰμύς) is a short mantle worn by the military.
A chlanis (χλᾰνίς) is an upper garment of wool worn by men and women.
A chiton (χῐτών) is a garment, tunic, coat, covering worn by both men and women.
A chiton. http://www.fashion-era.com/ancient_costume/ancient-greek-dress-chiton.htm
Chelus (χέλυς) means tortoise shell, anything like the shell of a tortoise.
Chelonee (χελώνη) means overlapping shields, a military technique.
CHIMAERA
Chimaira (Χίμαιρα) means Chimaera, a three-headed, fire-breathing monster, explained as mythical for a volcano.
“Mount Chimaera . . . is on fire, and indeed burns with a flame that does not die by day or night.”
(Pliny. Natural History CX, translated by H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann, 1937.)
“ . . . the Chimaera . . . was a single creature which yet had the power of three, having the foreparts of a lion, the tail of a dragon, and a third head in the middle—a goat’s head, through which it breathed fire. The beast was devastating the land and destroying the cattle.”
(Apollodorus. The Library of Greek Mythology, translated by Robin Hard (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) 64.)
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0872910725/ref=rdr_ext_tmb
The Chimera, South Italian red-figure kylix, circa 350 BCE. Musée du Louvre, Paris
http://www.theoi.com/Ther/Khimaira.html
"Chimaera of Arezzo," Etruscan (from Arezzo,) 400-375 BCE., Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence
Photo: Fernando Guerrini. http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2009/03/antiquities_diplomacy_part_ii.html
Chimaros (χίμᾰρος) means young male goat. Chimaira (χίμαιρα) means female goat. Goats are easily domesticated, useful for their milk, meat, hair, and hide.
LAME
Chol- (χωλ-) is a prefix meaning lame, maimed, literally “foundation loosened.”
Cholos (χωλός) means lame, halting, limping.
GALL, BILE
Chola (χολή) and cholos (χόλος) mean gall, bile.
Cholas (χολάς) means bowels, gut, stomach. Cholao (χολάω) means to be full of bile, to be melancholy (black-biled).
Cholera (χολέρα) is a disease in which the humors of the body (χολή) are violently discharged by vomiting and stool; nausea.
ALL-HEAL: MEDICINAL FOUNDATION
Chalbanee (χαλβάνη) is the resinous juice of all-heal, Ferula galbaniflua.
Cheironeios (Χειρώνειος) is Cheiron's all-heal, Hypericum olympicum, bryony.
OTHER
Chaitee (χαίτη) means loose, flowing hair; a horse or lion's mane; the crest of a helmet; a tuft of the papyrus plant.
Chazo (χάζω) means drawback or retire from; bereave or deprive of.
Chaldaios (Χαλδαῖος) means Chaldean (Babylonian/modern Iraq).
Chalepto (χᾰλέπτω) means oppress, crush.
Chanos (χάνος) means mouth.
Chaunos (χαῦνος) means porous, spongy, loose-grained.
Cheia (χειά) means hole, especially of serpents. The name of the letter Χ is χεῐ, so that cheia (χειά) literally means “foundation arising.” Snakes are “ambassadors” of the earth and the regions below the earth’s surface.
Cheelos (χηλός) means coffin.
Cheen (χήν) means goose.
Chthes (χθές), chthizos (χθιζός), and chthisdos (χθίσδος) mean yesterday.
Cheera (χήρα) means widow.
Chida (χιδά) means to be shuddered at, awful.
Chidaleon (χιδαλέον) means closed with no outlet.
Chidra (χῖδρα) and chidron (χῖδρον) mean wheaten-groats; whole-grains; bulgur.
Chili- (χῑλι-) is a prefix meaning thousand, a prefix for many words.
Chilos (χῖλός) and chilo (χῖλόω) mean fodder for cattle, forage, hay.
Chleuee (χλεύη) means joke, jest, mock.
Chleedees (χλήδης) means eunuch.
Chondros (χονδρός) means granular, coarse; a granual or lump.
Chrem- (χρεμ-) is a prefix meaning neigh, whinny, roar, expectorate, clear one's throat, cough.