Ο ο ou (οΰ, οὗ); later: o mikron (ὅ μικρόν) entity pronounce: long “o,”, also “ho”
Note that the name omicron (ὅ μικρόν) is a relatively late-coming description of the letter Ο, which was originally called ou (οΰ). Omikron (ὅ μικρόν) did not come into use until 200-400 CE to distinguish Ο, ou (οΰ), from Ω, omega (ῶ μέγα). Mikron (μικρόν) means little or short; mega (μέγα) means great or long. It may be noted that the shape of Ω (omega), literally “brings-forth,” has the appearance of a broken or loosened circle.
The letter Ο, a letter shaped as a circle, means entity.
Webster’s defines entity as “something that has a real existence; thing; being or existence, especially when considered as distinct, independent or self-contained.”
REALITY, EXISTENCE
Ode (ὂδε) means what is present or before one, this, here.
Onta (ὃντα) means things which actually exist, the present, reality, truth, property.
Ontees (όντης) means reality.
Oun (οὖν) means “certainly” or “in fact.”
Ousi- (ούσι-) is a prefix that means being, existence, substance.
Ousia (ούσία) means being; essence; stable being, immutable reality; true nature; substantiality; the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature, applied by Aristotle to the atoms of Democritus; the Pythagorean name for the number 1; in Philosophy, it is similar to phusis (φύσις)/physics/nature.
Ousia (ούσία) is defined as the opposite of genesis (γένεσις) (becoming, making). Ousia just is.
Ousiarchees (Ούσιάρχης) means the source (άρχης) of existence (Ούσιά).
WHOLE
Ogkos (ὃγκος) means bulk, size, mass, body.
Oio- (οιό-) is a prefix meaning alone. Oios (οἷος=οἷFος) means alone.
Omas (όμάς) means the whole, together, one sum. Omos (ὃμως) means all the same. Omalos (όμᾰλός) means even, level, uniform, average.
Ol- (ολ-) and olo- (όλο-) are prefixes meaning whole, all, entire, complete, sound.
Olos (ὅλος) means whole, entire, complete in all its parts. Olosis (ὅλωσις) means totalization, integration.
Olbos (ὅλβος) means happiness, prosperity, wealth, with bosis (βόσις) meaning food, so that olbos (ὅλβος) means “wholly fed.”
Olbios (ὅλβιος) means happy, blest, prosperous, with bios (βιος) meaning life, so that olbios (ὅλβιος) means “whole life.”
Olikos (όλικός) means universal, with kosmos (κόσμος) meaning the universe.
Olokatharos (όλοκάθᾰρος) means completely pure, with katharos (κάθᾰρος) meaning pure.
Olethr- (όλεθρ-) is a prefix meaning deadly. Olethros (όλεθρος) means death. Note that ethrisen (ἒθρῐσεν) means reap, so that olethros (όλεθρος) means “wholly reap.”
Oleteer (όλετήρ) means destroyer; oleteira (όλέτειρα) is the feminine form. Teiro (τείρω) means oppress, distress, weaken, so “wholly oppressed.”
Olesi- (όλεσί-) is a prefix meaning destroy. Esis (ἒσις) means a sending forth, so that olesi- (όλεσί-) means “wholly sent forth.”
Olesipolis (ολεσίπολις) means city-destroying, with polis (πολις) meaning city, so “wholly sent city.”
Olessiturannos (όλεσσῐτύραννος) means destroying tyrants, “wholly sent tyrant.”
Ollumi (ὅλλῦμι) means destroy, make an end of living beings, kill, perish, die (especially a violent death). Lumee (λύμη) means ruin, so that ollumi (ὅλλῦμι) means “wholly ruined.”
Oleros (όλερός) means impure. Note that eros (ερός) means sexual love, so that oleros (όλερός) means “wholly sexual love.”
Oulo (Οὕλω), means to be whole or sound, an epithet of the immortal Goddess Demeter.
Oulumpos (Οὓλυμπος), Olumpos (Ὅλυμπος) means Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece.
Oulos (οὖλος) means whole, entire; corn-sheaf.
Corn sheaf and pumpkins.
http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-39120103/stock-photo-sheaf-of-corn-stalks-and-pumpkins.html
Oddly, another definition for oulos (οὖλος) is destructive, baneful, deadly, cruel, which likely reflects the “wholeness” or “entireness” of the characteristic.
DRAWING A CIRCLE
Engraving a circle into a stone tablet to form the letter Ο is not an easy task. Ancient writers would have used some type of stick/obelisk/compass for accuracy.
How to draw a circle with a stick/pin and a thread/rope.
http://chestofbooks.com/home-improvement/woodworking/Handicraft-For-Boys/How-to-Draw-a-Circle.html
Osos (ὅσος) means as much as, how much; as if to draw a line around an amount.
Opee (όπή) means opening, hole, literally “entity unified center.” Opee (ὅπη) also means where. The hole created by the pin/stick/obelisk/compass marks the center of the circle.
Obel- (όβελ-), the basis for the word obelisk, is a prefix meaning a spit or skewer, a pointed rod or bar, literally, “entity basis.”
Obelos (όβελός) means spit, nail; pointed square pillar, obelisk. (Note that belos (βελός) means missile. Interestingly, the shape of ancient obelisks resembles that of modern missiles.)
Traditionally, an obelisk is a single intact block of material.
(William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (London: John Murray, 1875) 816.)
The obelisk in St. Peter’s Square, Rome, Italy, serves as a point of orientation for visitors to Rome.
Obelisk in center of a circle in St. Peter’s Square, Rome. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e5slTxJ5tng/SUxfOefe4dI/AAAAAAAAAg0/gPBIi0GHz2U/s400/obelisk1.jpg
The Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. is an obelisk.
http://www.mapseeing.com/category/locations/united-states/washington-dc/
Ο AS A PRONOUN AND AS AN ARTICLE TO INDICATE AN ENTITY
A pronoun is a replacement or substitute for a noun.
O (ὁ) means that, a pronoun defined by Webster’s as “used to indicate a person, thing, idea, state, event, time, remark, etc., as pointed out or present, mentioned before, supposed to be understood, or by way of emphasis: That is her mother.”
O (ὁ) also means the, a pronoun used to specify particular individuals.
O (ὁ) means son, daughter, brother, wife, house, district, word, notion, phrase, term.
O ge (ὅ γε) means he, she, it.
Οὗ means him or her.
Outos (οῦτος) means this. Outos (οὕτως) means in this way or manner; thus; so.
OIKADE: HOME
Oikia (οίκία) and oikos (οἷκος) mean one’s house, literally “entity divine-power core.”
Oikade (οϊκᾰδε) means home.
Oikeo (οίκέω) means to inhabit.
Interestingly, oiktos (οἷκτος) means compassion.
Oikodespoeia (οίκοδεσποεία) means planetary predominance, as “in the house of (a particular planet).“
OX
An och (όχ) is an ox, an uncastrated (intact) male animal used as a stud for breeding. The ox is often the one common-ancestor in a herd of domestic animals.
Ochee (οχή) means a prop or support, literally “entity foundation center.”
Ocheus (όχεύς) is anything used for holding or fastening.
Ocheia (όχεία) means fertilization or to impregnate. Ocheuma (όχευμα) means embryo.
Ochl- (όχλ-) is a prefix meaning mob, tumult, disturb, trouble, or distress. An ochlos (ὅχλος) is a crowd, throng, mob, mass, or multitude. Ochlokratia (όχλοκρᾰτία) is mob-rule, the lowest grade of democracy, literally “entity foundation loosened.”
BOUNDARY
Oa (ὅα) means a hem or border.
Oasis (Όασις) is the name of many ancient cities in the Libyan (North African) desert, and is defined by Webster’s as “a small fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well.” An oasis is an entity, an area that supports life in the otherwise inhospitable desert.
Oros (ὅρος) means boundary, bounds, boundary-stone.
Oro- (όρο-) is a prefix meaning boundary. Oria (όρία) and orion (ὅριον) mean boundary. Oraios (όραῖος) means of a boundary, literally “entity outflow.”
Ork- (όρκ-) is a prefix meaning bounded by oath. Orko (όρκόω) means to make one swear to, to bind by oath. Orkos (ὅρκος) is an oath or the object by which one swears an oath.
Orizo (όρίζω) means to divide or separate from as a border or boundary.
Orizon (όρίζων) means horizon, separating circle, and is the Pythagorean name for 9, because it limits/finishes the series of units. (For example, the number 19 completes the units beginning with 10.)
The diagram below illustrates an individual’s view of earth’s horizon.
Diagram illustrating view and distance of horizon. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2009/01/15/how-far-away-is-the-horizon/
Orophee (όροφή) means the roof of a house or the ceiling of a room.
Orros (ὅρρος) means rump or rear. Ouraios (ούραῖος) means of the tail, hindmost.
Orthrios (ὅρθριος) means at daybreak.
Ormos (ὅρμος) means harbor-giver, a cord or chain. It reflects the notion of bounded by connection/meta.
Orrion (ὅρριον) means horreum, the granary, the place that contains the grain.
Ostrimon (ὅστρῐμον) means an enclosure for cattle.
Orei- (όρει-) and oreo- (όρεο-) are prefixes meaning mountain, a land-feature that often serves as a boundary-line for territory. Oreios (ὅρειος) means of the mountains.
ORCHESTRA
Orchas (όρχάς) means enclosing.
Orchatos (ὅρχᾰτος) means orchard or garden.
The orcheestra (όρχήστρα) is the space in the theatre on which the chorus dances. Breaking “orcheestra (όρχήστρα)” into its component parts, orchas (όρχάς) means enclosing, and eestikos (ήστικός) means what is pleasing, agreeable.
Parts of a Greek Theater. The orchestra is the circular part in the center. http://stagehistory.webs.com/ancientgreektheatre.htm
OVARIES AND TESTICLES
Orchea (ὅρχεα) and oschee (οσχη) mean scrotum, the pouch of skin that encloses the testicles.
Orchis (ορχις) means both ovary (ορχις) and testicle (ὅρχις). The ovary is the egg-shaped female reproductive gland which releases eggs/ova. The testicle is the egg-shaped male reproductive gland which releases sperm.
Ovaries are the two white egg-shaped glands flanking and connected to the uterus (center bulge) by fallopian tubes. Ovaries release eggs/ova. http://www.sydneygec.com.au/thumbnaillarge/1.jpg
Testicles are the two white egg-shaped glands that flank and are connected to the penis by the vas deferens. Testicles release sperm.
ORGAN
Orgas (όργάς) means fertile land, literally “entity outflow generative.”
An organ is an instrument, implement, or tool for making or doing a thing. It is the root for the word organization.
Organon (ὅργανον) means organ, of the body and its different parts.
Organon (ὅργανον) also means a musical instrument, a surgical instrument, an instrument of philosophy, and an instrument or table of calculations.
Orgao (όργάω) means growing ripe, getting ready to bear fruit; also, to be eager or excited.
Orgee (όργή) means a natural impulse or propensity, temperament. Orgee (όργή) also means initiated into the Mysteries (made complete).
Orgia (ὅργια) means religious mysteries, rites, sacrifice, worship, literally “entity outflow generative divine-power arising.” Religious rites are an instrument (an organ) for becoming one with the divine.
Orgizo (όργίζω) means to feel passionately about. Orgiao (όργιάω) means to be fierce, like a lion. Orgiastikos (όργιαστικός) means exciting.
URINE
Ouron (οὖρον) means urine. Oureo (ούρέω) means to urinate, with reo (ῤέω) meaning full stream, flow, so “entity pure stream.”
Oureethra (ούρήθρα) is the urethra, the tube that conveys urine.
Ouros (ούρος) means a trench or channel for hauling ships.
OURANOS: THE HEAVENS
The sun and constellations appear to revolve about the earth in a constant circular path.
Heavenly Ouranos (Ούρᾰνός) and Ourania (Όύρᾰνία, Ώρανία) are the only major Greek God and Goddess whose names begin with the letter Ο.
Ouranioi (Ούράνιοι) means the heavenly Gods and Ouraniai (Ούράνιαι) means the heavenly Goddesses.
Ouranios (ούράνιος) means heavenly. Note that ran- (ράν-) means drop, raindrop, sprinkle, so that ouran- (ούράν) means “entity pure rain.”
Ouros (οὖρος) means fair wind. The word roos (ῥόος) means stream, flow, current.
Ourios (οὓριος) means with a fair wind, prosperous, successful.
In Aeschylus’ play Danaids, Aphrodite (the immortal Goddess of love) describes her role in instigating Ouranos’ (Heaven’s) and Gaia’s (Earth’s) urge to merge, which ultimately brings forth Demeter’s gifts:
“The holy Heaven passionately desires to penetrate the Earth, and passionate desire takes hold of Earth for union with Heaven. Rain falls from the brimming fountains of Heaven and makes Earth conceive, and she brings forth for mortals grazing their flocks, cereals to sustain their life, and the fruit of trees: by the wedlock of the rain she comes to her fulfillment (τέλειος). Of this, I (Aphrodite) am in part the cause.”
(Aeschylus (circa 450 BCE). “Danaids 44,” Fragments, translated by Alan H. Sommerstein, Loeb Classical Library Volume 505 (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2008) 41).
Ouranos (Ούρᾰνός) is the vault or firmament of heaven; the immortal God of the sky.
In Orphic Hymn 3. To Heaven, Orpheus describes Heaven (Ouranos) as “forever whirling round this earthly ball,” and “encircling:”
“Great Heav’n, whose mighty frame no respite knows,
Father of all, from whom the world arose:
Hear, bounteous parent, source and end of all,
Forever whirling round this earthly ball;
Abode of Gods [and Goddesses], whose guardian pow’r surrounds
Th’ eternal World with ever during bounds;
Whose ample bosom and encircling folds
The dire necessity of nature holds.
Aetherial, earthly, whose all-various frame,
Azure and full of forms, no power can tame.
All-seeing Heav’n, progenitor of Time,
Forever blessed, deity sublime,
Propitious on a novel mystic shine,
And crown his wishes with a life divine."
(Orpheus. The Hymns of Orpheus (circa 200 BCE). translated by Thomas Taylor, Introductory Preface by Manly P. Hall (London: Printed for the Author, 1792. Reprinted Los Angeles, CA: The Philosophical Research Society, 1981) 117.)
Nonnos describes Ourania (Όύρᾰνία, Ώρανία) as “the Muse who knows the round circuit of the stars . . ."
(Nonnos (circa 450 CE). Dionysiaca Books 36-48, translated by Rouse, W.H.D. Loeb Classical Library vol. 356 (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1940) 95.)
The National Observatory in Athens features Ourania on its round logo. http://www.noa.gr/
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ourania&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1280&bih=600&tbm=isch&tbnid=_3bMr7XwA0iEYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.riskeos.com/actus/pge/contenu.php%3Farbo%3D4%26page%3D04pp&docid=SkW42zgHOinxsM&imgurl=http://www.riskeos.com/actus/img/logo_noa_ourania.jpg&w=512&h=503&ei=8eEjULbhIKHd0QHZ7YDYDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=551&vpy=165&dur=302&hovh=223&hovw=227&tx=113&ty=113&sig=113789498720919830157&page=1&tbnh=106&tbnw=108&&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:98
Each of the12 signs of the zodiac occupies its place in the heavens for approximately 30 days, totaling approximately 360 days per year.
http://www.weasner.com/etx/ref_guides/aries.html
A circle contains 360-degrees, roughly the number of days in a calendar year. The circle, below, is divided into 12 sections of 30-degrees each. The letter Ο is this shape.
http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/geog101/study/LongLat.htm
Note that hours of the day on a circular clock are also divided into 12 sections. Ora (ώρα) means hour, spelled with the letter Ω.
OCTO: 8
Ogdoos (ὅγδοος) means eighth.
Okto (όκτώ) and oktas (όκτάς) mean 8. Okta- (όκτά-) is a prefix meaning 8.
Okto (όκτώ) refers to the 8 spheres: the 7 planets + the stars.
“Xenocrates of Chalcedon intimates that the planets are seven [G]ods [and Goddesses] and that the ordered arrangement of the fixed stars is an eighth.”
(Clement of Alexandria. The Exhortation to the Greeks, Loeb Classical Library, translated by G. W. Butterworth (London: William Heineman; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1919) 149-150.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=KxY6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=clement+exhortation+xenocrates+of+chalcedon&source=bl&ots=jrHzX2E9OG&sig=9unljOmNYOlTYL9xRVaqlrdHVD0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HG4pULu5IOmL6gGX6oCACA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=clement%20exhortation%20xenocrates%20of%20chalcedon&f=false
The number 8 has the shape of two circles touching, quite possibly because every eight years the lunar and the solar cycles come into alignment.
Geminos’ (circa 50 BCE) description of the 8-year cycle that brings the solar and lunar cycles in alignment is discussed by Evans and Berggren:
The octaeteris/oktaeteeris (όκτάετηρίς) is “an 8-year lunisolar cycle . . . If we pick any 2 years that are 8 years apart, we find that the January new Moon falls on nearly the same date in each.”
The authors conclude that “All we can be sure of is that the octaeteris was introduced earlier than 432 B.C.[E.], the date associated with the beginning of Meton’s 19-year cycle . . . In any 2 years separated by 19 years, the date of the January new Moon repeats almost exactly.”
(James Evans and J. Lennart Berggren, Geminos’s Introduction to the Phenomena: A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Survey of Astronomy (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006), 82-84; 86-87.
http://books.google.com/books?id=HPBE3RbeceQC&pg=PA86&lpg=PA86&dq=octaeteris+geminus&source=bl&ots=WpOYNjCkaz&sig=sXOUIr_4o86LxndlNY5Q0RYk5JU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=j3YpUNnyM-Xb6wGC54CQDA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=octaeteris&f=false )
OFFSPRING
Osphus (οσφΰς) means loins (the genital and pubic area), literally “entity synchronized-contraction.”
Opuio (όπυίω) means marry, literally “entity unified.”
Opuieetees (όπυιητής) means husband. Oar (ὂᾰρ) means wife, literally “entity arising flow.”
Ozos (ὅζος) means offspring, bough, branch, twig, offshoot, scion, literally “entity spark.”
Orpeeks (ὅρπηξ) means sapling, young shoot, scion, or descendant, literally “entity outflow-of.”
Ogko (όγκόω) means to raise or rear a child to adulthood, literally “entity generative.”
OMPHALA, UMBILICAL CORD
Om- (ὅμ-) and omo- (όμο-) are prefixes meaning together, shared, in common, kin, like, equal, literally “entity meta/medium.”
Ombr- (όμβρ-) is a prefix meaning rain. Ombros (ὅμβρος) is a storm of rain, a thunderstorm, rains, heavy rain, inundation, with bro- (βρο-) meaning thunder/loud sounding, so that ὅμβρος means “entity connected-to thunder.”
The umbilical cord connects the fetus with the mother’s placenta. The umbilical cord is the medium by which nutrients flow to the fetus, drawing oxygen and nutrients from the mother.
Omphalee (όμφᾰλη) means umbilical cord. Note that phalagks (φάλαγξ) means main body, center, so that umbilical cord, omphalee (όμφᾰλη), literally means “entity (ό) medium-of-connection-to (μ) the main body (φάλαγξ).”
Omphalos (όμφᾰλός) means navel. The navel is the location of the umbilical cord’s attachment.
ORPHEUS
Orpheus (Όρφεύς, Ὅρφης, Όρφήν) is the author of the Hymns of Orpheus. An Orpheotelestees (Όρφεοτελεστής) is one who initiates into the mysteries of Orpheus, a hierophant.
In Euripides’ play The Bacchae (679-684), a maiden says of Orpheus:
“In the elm-woods and the oaken,
There where Orpheus harped of old,
And the trees awoke and knew him,
And the wild things gathered to him,
As he sang among the broken
Glens his music manifold.”
(Euripides (circa 450 BCE). The Bacchae, translated by Gilbert Murray, The Harvard Classics (New York: P.F. Collier and Son: 1909-1914) 679-686 ff.) http://www.bartleby.com/8/8/2.html
Orpheus with animals. Roman mosaic, circa 225 CE. From Building A of the Piazza della Vittoria in Palermo. Regional Archaeological Museum of Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
Diodorus of Sicily gives a brief description of Orpheus in his discussion of Heracles:
“Heracles . . . went to Athens and took part in the Eleusinian Mysteries, Musaeus, the son of Orpheus, being at that time in charge of the initiatory rites.
“Since we have mentioned Orpheus it will not be inappropriate for us in passing to speak briefly about him. He was the son of Oeagrus, a Thracian by birth, and in culture and song-music and poesy he far surpassed all men (sic) of whom we have a record; for he composed a poem which was an object of wonder and excelled in its melody when it was sung. And his fame grew to such a degree that men (sic) believed that with his music he held a spell over both the wild beasts and the trees.
“And after he had devoted his entire time to his education and had learned whatever the myths had to say about the [G]ods [and Goddesses], he journeyed to Egypt, where he further increased his knowledge and so became the greatest man among the Greeks both for his knowledge of the [G]ods [and Goddesses] and for their rites, as well as for his poems and songs.
“He also took part in the expedition of the Argonauts, and because of the love he held for his wife he dared the amazing deed of descending into Hades, where he entranced Persephonê by his melodious song and persuaded her to assist him in his desires and to allow him to bring up his dead wife from Hades . . .”
(Diodorus Siculus (of Sicily). Library of History 4. 25, translated by C. H. Oldfather, published in Vol. II of the Loeb Classical Library (New York and London: Harvard University Press: 1935) 425.) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html
Larousse Greek and Roman Mythology describes Orpheus as the founder of the mysteries of Eleusis and describes “Orphism” as follows:
“Orphic theogony differed considerably from traditional theogony or that of Hesiod. The world was born on an egg; the upper part of the shell became the sky and the lower part, the Earth.”
(Joel Schmidt. Larousse Greek and Roman Mythology, edited by Dr. Seth Benardete (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980) 202.)
(OR)PHANS
Orphanos (όρφᾰνος) means orphan. Phanes (Φάνς) is a divinity in the Orphic religion representing the first principle of life, so that orphanos (όρφᾰνος) means “entity outflow-of first principle of life.” (Phanes had no parents).
Phanee (Φᾰνή) means torch or light, literally “divinely-animated-entity arising.”
The Derveni Papyrus describes Phanes as a male-female entity who emerged from an egg created by Chronos (Time). Phanes, in concert with Night, created the Heavens. The Heavens, in concert with Earth, created many Gods and Goddesses.
(Gabor Betegh, The Derveni Papyrus: Cosmology, Theology and Interpretation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004) 141-142.) http://books.google.com/books?id=5HaKQFeYSBEC&q=egg#v=snippet&q=egg&f=false
Phanes is depicted below as winged and enwrapped by a serpent, suggesting both heavenly and earthly qualities.
Phanes hatched from the world egg & circled by the zodiac. Greco-Roman bas relief circa 150 CE. Image located in Galeriea e Museo Eustense,Modena, Italy. http://www.theoi.com/Protogenos/Phanes.html
http://mitosmania.blogspot.com/2011/01/os-protogenoi-deuses-primordiais.html
http://www.zoence.com/article/eros
OPHIS AND ORNIS: SERPENTS AND BIRDS
Serpents are ambassadors of the earth, while birds are ambassadors of the sky. Serpents live both on and below the earth, birds live both on and above the earth.
Ophis (ὅφις) means serpent. Opheo- (όφεό-, όφεω-) and ophio- (όφῐο-) are prefixes meaning serpent.
Ornis (ὅρνις) means bird. Orneo- (όρνεό-) is a prefix meaning bird. The letter Ν is associated with prevailing over, as in the winged Nike and nephele (clouds).
Oion- (οίων-) means an omen from the flight or cry of birds. Oionos (οίωνός) means a large bird, a bird of prey, or a bird of omen or auguries (divine interpretations).
TO OWE
To owe is to be indebted in a way that completes the requirements of justice.
Ophra (ὅφρᾰ) means in order that, so long as.
Ophlema (ὅφλεμα) means a fine incurred in a judgment, a judgment debt.
Ophlano (όφλάνω) means to become a debtor.
Ophello (όφέλλω) means to owe, to have to pay or account for, to be due. Ophello (όφέλλω) also means to increase, enlarge, or strengthen. Ophelos (ὅφελος) means a furtherance. Ophelees (όφελής) is an advantage or help.
SWEEP
Opheltreuo (όφελτρεύω) means to sweep; tre- (τρε-) is a prefix meaning change or turn.
Opheltron (όφελτρον) and ophelma (ὅφελμα) mean broom.
BROW
Ophrus (όφρῦς) means brow, the part of the face that reflects one’s natural dispositions.
Philostratus the Younger describes Medea’s and Jason’s brows in reference to their dispositions:
“Who is the woman with a grim frown above her eyes, her brow charged with deep thought . . . I believe one must recognize Medea . . .
“The form of Jason is slender, but not at all lacking in strength; his flashing eye is overhung by a brow that is haughty and defiant of all opposition.”
(Philostratus (circa 190 CE). “Medea among the Colchians,” Imagines, Elder Philostratus, Younger Philostratus, Callistratus, translated by Arthur Fairbanks, Loeb Classical Library Volume 256 (London: William Heinemann, 1931) 313.)
Seneca describes Lycus’ disposition with reference to his brow:
“But see, ferocious and with threats upon his brow, the same in gait and spirit, Lycus comes, brandishing another’s sceptre in his hand.”
(Seneca. Hercules Furens, Tragedies, translated by Frank Justus Miller, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heineman, 1917.)
http://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaHerculesFurens.html
OSIRIS AND HORUS
Osiris (Ὅσῑρις) is the immortal Egyptian Father-God, literally “entity synchronized divine-power outflow.”
When the reigning Egyptian pharaoh died he became Osiris (the deceased ruler). Osiris was then resurrected as the new reigning ruler: Oros (Ὣρος), Horus.
(Manfred Lurker, An Illustrated Dictionary of The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Egypt, translated from the German (1974) by Barbara Cummings (English-language edition London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1980) 93.)
The name Horus/Oros (Ὣρος) means ascendant. Similar-sounding orusso (όρύσσω) means dig up, excavate.
OSIA: DIVINE LAW
Adherence to divine law completes mortal obligation to the immortals, especially at the commencement of an undertaking.
Osia (όσία, όσίη) means divine law; the service or worship owed by humans to Gods and Goddesses; personified Righteousness; worship, offerings; funeral rites, last honors paid to the dead.
Osia (ὅσιᾰ) means the voice of the Muse; the sound of the lyre; the din of battle; a prophecy or warning.
Osios (ὅσιος) means hallowed; sanctioned or allowed by divine law; holy; lawful, not forbidden by any law; pious, devout, religious; pure, holy.
DIVINATION
Divination is a means by which humans discern alignment with the divine.
Omphee (όμφή) means the voice of the Gods and Goddesses, an “oracle;” song; scent.
Omphee (όμφή), in addition to meaning voice of the immortals, also means sweet sound and, specifically, an “oracle” delivered from the inner shrine at Pytho (Delphi).
Onar (ὅνᾰρ) meanss a dream or vision in sleep. Oneir- (όνειρ-) is a prefix meaning dream, literally “entity prevailing essence divine-power outflow.” Oneiros (ὅνειρος) means dream.
Oneiraiteesia (όνειραιτησία) means obtaining revelations in a dream.
Otta (ὅττα) means the voice of the Muse; the sound of the lyre; the din of battle; a prophecy or warning. Otteia (όττεία) means divination from ominous sounds.
“ORACLE:” NOT A GREEK WORD
“Oracle” is not a Greek word. The closest word in Greek is orakiao (ώρᾶκιάω), which is defined by Liddell-Scott as “faint, swoon, sway.”
“Oracle” is a Latin-Christian contrivance dated to circa 1400 CE employed to replace the Greek word chreestees (χρήστης) (prophet) in translations of ancient Greek texts. (Note that the printing press was invented circa 1450 CE.) (Note that the root of the word Damateer (Δαμάτηρ, Δημήτηρ), the immortal Goddess Demeter, became a Latin-Christian curse: damn. The root of the word Hellenic, Hellas (Έλλάς), became the Latin-Christian place of damnation: hell.)
Chreestees (χρήστης) means prophet, “oracle.”
Chreesteerios (χρηστήριος) means prophetic, “oracular.”
Chreesteerion (χρηστήριον) means “oracle,” the seat of an “oracle.” Chreesmos (χρησμός) means “oracle.”
Sir William Smith in his Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities equates the Latin word “oraculum” (ps. 836-843) with the Greek manteion (μαντεῖον) or chreesteerion (χρηστήριον).
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Oraculum.html
The Collins Greek Pocket Dictionary gives the Greek equivalent of “oracle” as manteio (μαντείο) or chreesmos (χρησμός).
(Harry T. Hionides, Collins Greek Pocket Dictionary (London: William Collins Sons & Co, 1988.)
OR: SHAKING THINGS UP
The prefix or- (όρ-) literally, “entity outflow,” suggests a change in the status quo.
Orino (όρίνω) means to stir, raise, move, excite, or incite.
Ormao (όρμάω) means to set in motion or to start.
Ormee (όρμή) means rapid motion forward, onrush, onset, assault, attack.
Orsi- (όρσί-) and orso- (όρσό-) are prefixes meaning to stir.
Oruk- (όρυκ-) is a prefix meaning to dig.
Orego (όρέγω) means to reach, stretch, or stretch out. Orektos (όρεκτός) means longed for, desired. Oreksis (ὅρεξις) means longing, yearning, desire.
Orrodia (όρρωδία) means horror. Orrodeo (όρρωδέω) means to dread or shrink from, be horrified.
Orchamos (όρχᾰμος) means leader or chief.
An oreus (όρεύς) is a mule, a beast of burden. Webster’s defines mule as “the sterile offspring a female horse and a male donkey valued as a work animal.”
ORTHO: STRAIGHT, GENUINE
The prefix orth- (όρθ-) means straight, righteous, literally “entity outflow divine.” (This is consistent with the meaning of the vertical letter Ι, “divine-power,” particularly with regard to magnetic fields such as gravity and the earth’s magnetic fields.)
Ortho- (όρθο-) is a prefix meaning straight; right, just, upright, true; standing, safe, prosperous, correct, real, genuine. Orthos (όρθός) means straight, upright, standing; right, true, correct, genuine; safe, prosperous.
Orthios (ὅρθιος) means straight up, steep, uphill, high, upright, standing, high-pitched, formed in a column, straight (the opposite of crooked).
Orthotees (όρθότης) means upright posture, erectness, straightness.
Ortheia (Όρθεία, Όρθία, Όρθωσία, Fωρθεία, Fορθεία, Fορθασία, Βωρθεία, Βορθέα) is an epithet of the immortal Goddess Artemis.
Orthodoksia (όρθοδοξία) means orthodox. Note that doksa (δόξᾰ) means expectation, opinion, judgment; vision; honor, glory, splendor.
Orthagoriskos (όρθᾰγορίσκος) means sucking-pig. Gor- (γορ-) is a prefix meaning fierce, spirited, vigorous, grim, quick.
Orthologia (όρθολογία) means correctness of language (λογία).
Orthomanteia (όρθομαντεία) means true prophecy (μαντεία).
Orthopolis (όρθοπόλις) means upholding the city (πόλις).
Orthoteer (όρθωτήρ) means one who sets or keeps upright, restorer or preserver.
OI: STEER, GUIDE
Oieek (οιηκ) is a prefix meaning steer, guide, pilot, literally “entity divine(ly)-powered.”
An oiaks (οῐαξ) is the handle of rudder. Another word for rudder is oieeion (οίηϊον), similar to the word for opinion, oieema (οϊημα), that which steers one.
Oimos (οἷμος) means way, road, or path.
Oitos (οἷτος) means fate.
Oichneo (οίχνέω) means to go or to come.
Oima (οἷμα) means rush, swoop, pounce.
ODYSSEY: JOURNEY
Odusseia (Όδύσσεια), the Odyssey, is a famous Greek epic chronicling the travels of Odysseus (Όύδυσσεύς, Όδυσσεύς).
Od- (ὂδ-) is a prefix meaning travel, journey, passage, highway, thoroughfare, literally “entity directed-trajectory.”
Odeuo (όδεύω) means go, travel.
Odios (ὂδιος) means belonging to a way or journey.
Odo- (όδο-) is a prefix meaning road. Odos (όδός) is a way, road, course, or channel. The odos iera (όδός ίερά) is the sacred road to Eleusis.
Odoi- (όδοι-) is a prefix meaning roam, walk, journey.
An odometron (όδόμετρον) is an instrument for measuring distances.
Odopoieo (όδοποιέω) means to make passable, make a path, and to act as a pioneer or road-maker.
Odotos (όδωτός) means passable, practicable, feasible.
Odaia (όδαῖα) is merchandise which a merchant must travel for. Odao (όδαω) means to be carried away and sold.
Othen (ὅθεν) means whence, from whom, from (a source).
OU = NOT?
Ou (οῦ) means where. Outos (οὕτως) means in this way, in this manner, so, thus.
Ou (ού), according to the Lexicon, also indicates the negative of a fact or statement. The Lexicon then goes on to qualify this definition in a lengthy 29-part explanation. The stand-alone combination of the letter O with the letter Y literally translates as "entity pure," that is, "entity free-of."
The prefix oudo- (ούδο-) means way, direction, literally “entity pure directed-trajectory.”
Oudos (ούδός) means threshold, entrance.
Oudaios (ούδαῖος) means on the ground, underground (epithet of the immortal Goddess Persephone).
Oudas (οὖδας) means surface of the earth, ground.
Oudeeeis (ούδήεις) means terrestrial.
For some reason, when ou- (ού-) precedes dam- (δᾰμ-), it results in a translation that means naught, nowhere, non-existent. This may be significant because Damatros (Δάματρος) is the Greek name for the immortal Goddess Demeter, possibly indicating intentional mis-translations, because, alternatively, this combination of letters would mean “the way/path of Demeter.”
The following have a smell of mistranslation:
Oudama (ούδᾰμά): never, not at all.
Oudamee (ούδᾰμῆ): nowhere, in no place.
Oudaminos (ούδᾰμῐνος): worthless.
Oudamothen (ούδᾰμόθεν): from no place.
Oudamothi (ούδᾰμόθῐ): nowhere, in no place.
Oudamoi (ούδᾰμοῐ): to no place.
Oudamos (ούδᾰμός): not any one, no one.
Oudamou (ούδᾰμοῦ): nowhere.
In the same vein, when the letters ou- (ού-) precede de- (δε-) they are translated to mean not.
Oude (ούδέ): but not, nor, and not, not even.
Oude pee (ούδέ πη): never.
Oude po (ούδέ πω): not yet.
Oudeis (ούδείς): not one, zero, naught, none whatever.
Oudenia (ούδενία): nothingness.
Oudenaki (ούδενάκῐ): not once, in no times.
Oudeteros (ούδέτερος): neither of the two, neutral.
Ou dee (ού δή): certainly not.
PREPARE FOR JOURNEY, BATTLE
Opeedeuo (όπηδεύω) means to follow, accompany, attend, or go with.
Oplizo (όπλίζω) means to get ready, harness, equip, or arm.
Oplon (ὅπλον) means tool, implement, tackle, implement of war, armor, shield, or weapons.
Opaon (όπάων) means comrade. Note that a paon (πάων) is a song of triumph, battle-song, a solemn song or chant on beginning an undertaking.
Opos (ὅπως) means in order that.
FOOD
Olinoi (ὅλινοι) means sheaves of barley.
Sheaf of barley http://4h.uwex.edu/onlinpro/smallgrains.cfm
Oulai (ούλαί) (originally όFλαί) are the barley-corns or barley-groats sprinkled on the head of an animal before a sacrifice to “complete” the sacrifice.
Ompneios (ὅμπνειος) means of or relating to corn, nourishing. Ompnia (Ὅμπνια) is an epithet of the immortal Goddess Demeter.
Ompnai (ὅμπναι) are sacrificial cakes of meal and honey.
Oporo- (όπωρο-) is a prefix meaning fruit.
Opora (όπώρα) means the fruitful part of summer/fruit/ripeness, the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and Arcturus (i.e. the last days of July, all of August, and part of September).
Opt- (όπτ-) is a prefix meaning roast. Optos (όπτός) means roasted, broiled, baked, scorched, or forged, the meat is complete and ready to eat.
Opson (ὅψον) means cooked or otherwise prepared food, such as fish, relish, or sauce, eaten with bread and wine.
JUICE, MILK, WINE
Oros (όρός) means a milky fluid, literally “entity outflow.”
Orobachos (όρόβακχος) means the fruits of the pomegranate, suggesting an association with the immortal God of wine, Bacchos (όρό=fluid, βακχος=Bakchos).
Outhar (οΰθαρ) means udder/breast, literally “entity pure divine arising outflow.”
Opo- (όπο-) is a prefix meaning juice or milk. Opos (όπός) means juice.
Opizo (όπίζω) means to extract juice from.
Incidentally, opion (ὅπιον) is poppy-juice/opium, the basis for the word opiate. Opikos (όπικός) means made of opium.
Oinos (οΐνος) means wine. Oinee (οϊνη) means the vine.
Oino- (οίνό-) and oin- (οίν-) are prefixes meaning wine, literally “entity divine-power prevailing.”
BULGING SHAPES
Oa (ὅα) and oea (όέα) mean sheep-skin.
Oes (ὃες) means sheep-skin or bulb. Both sheep and bulbs have a bulging, pear-like shape.
Oeidees (όειδής) means egg-shaped.
Ogchnee (ὅγχνη) means pear or pear-tree.
Sheep have a bulging-shaped, pear-like body. http://img.thesun.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00412/SNN0214A_682_412444a.jpg
Pear-shaped bulbs. http://www.srgc.org.uk/bulblog/log2008/290808/log.html
A pear has a bulging shape. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pears.jpg
Oid- (οιδ-) is a prefix meaning swell, swollen.
Oiis (οἶις, ὅϊς) means sheep, both the ram and the ewe.
Oios (οϊεος, ὅϊος) mean of or from a sheep.
PRESERVATIVES
Oa (ὅα) means service tree. The service tree is so-called because it blooms in spring when the ground has softened enough to bury winter’s deceased and hold funeral services.
The service-berry (ὅοιγα, ὅον) is highly astringent when first picked, but when left to over-ripen becomes sweet. The astringent fruit of the service tree, Sorbus domestica, is a source of sorbic acid, a preservative.
Omphakos (όμφᾰκός) means unripe; sour grapes used to make vinegar. Vinegar is a preservative used, for example, in pickling.
Oksos (ὅξος) means vinegary wine. Oks- (όξ-) is a prefix meaning vinegar; acidic, sharp, sour.
TEETH
Odous (ὀδούς) means teeth.
Odont- (όδοντ-) is a prefix meaning teeth; don- (δον-) is a prefix meaning reeds; shake, agitation, percussion.
Odaks (όδάξ) means biting with the teeth. (Note that aks- (άξ-) is a prefix meaning axe; counterbalancing.)
EYES
Eyes are generally spherical, which may account for so many words that mean eye beginning with the letter Ο.
Okkon (ὅκκον) and omma (ὃμμα) mean eye.
Osse (ὃσσε) and ophthalmos (όφθαλμός) mean eyes.
Ophthalmikos (όφθαλμικός) means of or for the eyes.
Opopa (ὅπωπα) means a sight or view.
Orao (όράω) means to see or look. Orama (ὅρᾱμα) means that which is seen, a visible object, or sight. Orasis (ὅρᾱσις) means the act of sight or the eyes.
ASPECT
Opsis (ὅψις) means aspect, appearance of a person or thing, countenance, visual impression, thing seen, sight, vision, apparition, power of sight, literally “entity incorporeal.”
Ops (ὅψ) means voice; word; eye; face.
The following definitions with the prefix ops- (όψ-) may reflect the position of the letter ψ as one of the last letters of the alphabet.
Opse (όψέ) means after a long time, at length; late; late in the day, at evening; late at night; late in the season.
Opsi- (όψί-) is a prefix meaning late; delayed.
Opsia (όψία) means the latter part of day; evening.
Opsios (ὅψιος) means late; later.
Opsonion (όψώνιον), the word for salary/pay, probably derives from its being long-awaited or received at day’s end.
SMELL
When objects give off molecules, they smell. They may be in a state of ripeness, readiness. An object’s smell is an indication of what it is.
Ozo (ὅζω) means smell, scent, odor, literally “entity spark brings-forth.”
Osmee (ὀσμη) means smell, scent, odor, literally “entity synchronized meta.”
Osphr- (όσφρ-) is a prefix meaning to catch the scent of, smell, be able to smell, literally “entity synchronized divinely-animated-entity outflow.”
SOLID STRUCTURE
Words beginning with ost- (όστ-) suggest hard structure; the prefix st- (στ-) begins many words that mean strong.
Osto- (όστο-) is a prefix meaning bones. Osteon (οστέον) means bones.
Ostrakas (όστρᾰκᾶς) means potter, earthen, made of clay.
Ostrakon (ὅστρᾰκον) meanss an earthen vessel or a shell.
Ostreon (ὅστρεον) means oyster; στράβηλος means snail or shell-fish
HELP
Onee (όνή) means help; nee (νή) is a particle of strong affirmation with the divinity invoked.
Oneesis (ὅνησις) means something of use, profit, advantage, or benefit.
Oneiar (ὅνειαρ) means that which brings profit, advantage, strength, or refreshment.
Oneios (ὅνειος) means useful.
An onos (ὅνος) is a useful animal, a beast of burden. Onosis (ὅνοσις) means burden or blame, as in “the onus is on you.”
Onthos (ὅνθος) is the dung of animals, used as fertilizer.
OTHER
Obrimos (ὅβρῐμος) means strong and mighty. (Note that brimos (βρῐμος) means mighty.)
Ogmos (ὃγμος) means a furrow made by a plow; row. A furrow looks like bulging and indented lines after plowing.
Furrows bulge up from the ground in a field after plowing. http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-39180748/stock-photo-the-image-shows-the-furrows-in-a-field-after-plowing-it.html
Plowing furrows. http://csm-fanaa.blogspot.com/2010/05/ploughing.html
Othon- (όθον-) is a prefix meaning fine linen, sails, linen cloth, towels.
Othonna (όθόννα) is greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, a relative of the poppy, a central nervous system sedative, toxic, purgative, antispasmodic that can cause nausea, vomiting, numbness, fainting, and coma.
Oigo (οϊγω) means open.
Okl- (όκλ-) is a prefix meaning to crouch down or squat, “entity core loosened.”
Okn- (όκν-) is a prefix meaning reluctance, fear, to shrink from, “entity core prevailing.”
Okrio- (όκριο-) means rugged, jagged, rough, or having many points.
Okris (ὅκρῐς) meanss a jagged point, roughness, literally “entity core flow.”
Olig- (όλῐγ-) is a prefix meaning few, as in oligarchia (όλῐγαρχία), oligarchy, government in the hands of a few families or persons.
Olis- (όλισ-) is a prefix meaning slippery, “entity loosened.”
Olk- (ολκ-) means draw, track, trace, haul, pull, literally “entity loosened.”
Olmos (ὅλμος) is a socket; mortar; any bowl-shaped body; drinking vessel. A mortar is a bowl used to break down herbs into medicines.
Omeeros (Ὅμηρος) is Homer, the famous poet. Omeeros (Ὅμηρος) shares the prefix omeer- (όμήρ-), which means meet, accord, agree.
Onoma (ὅνομα) means name.
Onuks (ονυξ) means fingernails.
Opallios (όπάλλιος) means opal.
An opal. http://opalrough.ca/opal_590.htm
Opiso (όπίσω) means backwards, back again, again.
The suffix –os (-ος) frequently ends Greek nouns, as if to serve as punctuation marking the end/completion of an idea, such as the period at the end of this sentence. It should be noted that ancient Greek texts did not feature breaks between words.
Osprion (ὅσπριον) means a pulse. Note that prion- (πριον-) is a prefix meaning notched.
Otan (ὅταν) means at the time when, when.
Oti (ὅτi) means for what; otiee (ὅτιή) means because.
Otlos (ὅτλος) means suffering or distress arising from something.
Ous (οὖς) means the handle of pitchers or cups. Ous (οὖς) means ear. (acoustic)
The letter Ο is the symbol for the number 70.
Note that the name omicron (ὅ μικρόν) is a relatively late-coming description of the letter Ο, which was originally called ou (οΰ). Omikron (ὅ μικρόν) did not come into use until 200-400 CE to distinguish Ο, ou (οΰ), from Ω, omega (ῶ μέγα). Mikron (μικρόν) means little or short; mega (μέγα) means great or long. It may be noted that the shape of Ω (omega), literally “brings-forth,” has the appearance of a broken or loosened circle.
The letter Ο, a letter shaped as a circle, means entity.
Webster’s defines entity as “something that has a real existence; thing; being or existence, especially when considered as distinct, independent or self-contained.”
REALITY, EXISTENCE
Ode (ὂδε) means what is present or before one, this, here.
Onta (ὃντα) means things which actually exist, the present, reality, truth, property.
Ontees (όντης) means reality.
Oun (οὖν) means “certainly” or “in fact.”
Ousi- (ούσι-) is a prefix that means being, existence, substance.
Ousia (ούσία) means being; essence; stable being, immutable reality; true nature; substantiality; the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature, applied by Aristotle to the atoms of Democritus; the Pythagorean name for the number 1; in Philosophy, it is similar to phusis (φύσις)/physics/nature.
Ousia (ούσία) is defined as the opposite of genesis (γένεσις) (becoming, making). Ousia just is.
Ousiarchees (Ούσιάρχης) means the source (άρχης) of existence (Ούσιά).
WHOLE
Ogkos (ὃγκος) means bulk, size, mass, body.
Oio- (οιό-) is a prefix meaning alone. Oios (οἷος=οἷFος) means alone.
Omas (όμάς) means the whole, together, one sum. Omos (ὃμως) means all the same. Omalos (όμᾰλός) means even, level, uniform, average.
Ol- (ολ-) and olo- (όλο-) are prefixes meaning whole, all, entire, complete, sound.
Olos (ὅλος) means whole, entire, complete in all its parts. Olosis (ὅλωσις) means totalization, integration.
Olbos (ὅλβος) means happiness, prosperity, wealth, with bosis (βόσις) meaning food, so that olbos (ὅλβος) means “wholly fed.”
Olbios (ὅλβιος) means happy, blest, prosperous, with bios (βιος) meaning life, so that olbios (ὅλβιος) means “whole life.”
Olikos (όλικός) means universal, with kosmos (κόσμος) meaning the universe.
Olokatharos (όλοκάθᾰρος) means completely pure, with katharos (κάθᾰρος) meaning pure.
Olethr- (όλεθρ-) is a prefix meaning deadly. Olethros (όλεθρος) means death. Note that ethrisen (ἒθρῐσεν) means reap, so that olethros (όλεθρος) means “wholly reap.”
Oleteer (όλετήρ) means destroyer; oleteira (όλέτειρα) is the feminine form. Teiro (τείρω) means oppress, distress, weaken, so “wholly oppressed.”
Olesi- (όλεσί-) is a prefix meaning destroy. Esis (ἒσις) means a sending forth, so that olesi- (όλεσί-) means “wholly sent forth.”
Olesipolis (ολεσίπολις) means city-destroying, with polis (πολις) meaning city, so “wholly sent city.”
Olessiturannos (όλεσσῐτύραννος) means destroying tyrants, “wholly sent tyrant.”
Ollumi (ὅλλῦμι) means destroy, make an end of living beings, kill, perish, die (especially a violent death). Lumee (λύμη) means ruin, so that ollumi (ὅλλῦμι) means “wholly ruined.”
Oleros (όλερός) means impure. Note that eros (ερός) means sexual love, so that oleros (όλερός) means “wholly sexual love.”
Oulo (Οὕλω), means to be whole or sound, an epithet of the immortal Goddess Demeter.
Oulumpos (Οὓλυμπος), Olumpos (Ὅλυμπος) means Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece.
Oulos (οὖλος) means whole, entire; corn-sheaf.
Corn sheaf and pumpkins.
http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-39120103/stock-photo-sheaf-of-corn-stalks-and-pumpkins.html
Oddly, another definition for oulos (οὖλος) is destructive, baneful, deadly, cruel, which likely reflects the “wholeness” or “entireness” of the characteristic.
DRAWING A CIRCLE
Engraving a circle into a stone tablet to form the letter Ο is not an easy task. Ancient writers would have used some type of stick/obelisk/compass for accuracy.
How to draw a circle with a stick/pin and a thread/rope.
http://chestofbooks.com/home-improvement/woodworking/Handicraft-For-Boys/How-to-Draw-a-Circle.html
Osos (ὅσος) means as much as, how much; as if to draw a line around an amount.
Opee (όπή) means opening, hole, literally “entity unified center.” Opee (ὅπη) also means where. The hole created by the pin/stick/obelisk/compass marks the center of the circle.
Obel- (όβελ-), the basis for the word obelisk, is a prefix meaning a spit or skewer, a pointed rod or bar, literally, “entity basis.”
Obelos (όβελός) means spit, nail; pointed square pillar, obelisk. (Note that belos (βελός) means missile. Interestingly, the shape of ancient obelisks resembles that of modern missiles.)
Traditionally, an obelisk is a single intact block of material.
(William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (London: John Murray, 1875) 816.)
The obelisk in St. Peter’s Square, Rome, Italy, serves as a point of orientation for visitors to Rome.
Obelisk in center of a circle in St. Peter’s Square, Rome. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e5slTxJ5tng/SUxfOefe4dI/AAAAAAAAAg0/gPBIi0GHz2U/s400/obelisk1.jpg
The Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. is an obelisk.
http://www.mapseeing.com/category/locations/united-states/washington-dc/
Ο AS A PRONOUN AND AS AN ARTICLE TO INDICATE AN ENTITY
A pronoun is a replacement or substitute for a noun.
O (ὁ) means that, a pronoun defined by Webster’s as “used to indicate a person, thing, idea, state, event, time, remark, etc., as pointed out or present, mentioned before, supposed to be understood, or by way of emphasis: That is her mother.”
O (ὁ) also means the, a pronoun used to specify particular individuals.
O (ὁ) means son, daughter, brother, wife, house, district, word, notion, phrase, term.
O ge (ὅ γε) means he, she, it.
Οὗ means him or her.
Outos (οῦτος) means this. Outos (οὕτως) means in this way or manner; thus; so.
OIKADE: HOME
Oikia (οίκία) and oikos (οἷκος) mean one’s house, literally “entity divine-power core.”
Oikade (οϊκᾰδε) means home.
Oikeo (οίκέω) means to inhabit.
Interestingly, oiktos (οἷκτος) means compassion.
Oikodespoeia (οίκοδεσποεία) means planetary predominance, as “in the house of (a particular planet).“
OX
An och (όχ) is an ox, an uncastrated (intact) male animal used as a stud for breeding. The ox is often the one common-ancestor in a herd of domestic animals.
Ochee (οχή) means a prop or support, literally “entity foundation center.”
Ocheus (όχεύς) is anything used for holding or fastening.
Ocheia (όχεία) means fertilization or to impregnate. Ocheuma (όχευμα) means embryo.
Ochl- (όχλ-) is a prefix meaning mob, tumult, disturb, trouble, or distress. An ochlos (ὅχλος) is a crowd, throng, mob, mass, or multitude. Ochlokratia (όχλοκρᾰτία) is mob-rule, the lowest grade of democracy, literally “entity foundation loosened.”
BOUNDARY
Oa (ὅα) means a hem or border.
Oasis (Όασις) is the name of many ancient cities in the Libyan (North African) desert, and is defined by Webster’s as “a small fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well.” An oasis is an entity, an area that supports life in the otherwise inhospitable desert.
Oros (ὅρος) means boundary, bounds, boundary-stone.
Oro- (όρο-) is a prefix meaning boundary. Oria (όρία) and orion (ὅριον) mean boundary. Oraios (όραῖος) means of a boundary, literally “entity outflow.”
Ork- (όρκ-) is a prefix meaning bounded by oath. Orko (όρκόω) means to make one swear to, to bind by oath. Orkos (ὅρκος) is an oath or the object by which one swears an oath.
Orizo (όρίζω) means to divide or separate from as a border or boundary.
Orizon (όρίζων) means horizon, separating circle, and is the Pythagorean name for 9, because it limits/finishes the series of units. (For example, the number 19 completes the units beginning with 10.)
The diagram below illustrates an individual’s view of earth’s horizon.
Diagram illustrating view and distance of horizon. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2009/01/15/how-far-away-is-the-horizon/
Orophee (όροφή) means the roof of a house or the ceiling of a room.
Orros (ὅρρος) means rump or rear. Ouraios (ούραῖος) means of the tail, hindmost.
Orthrios (ὅρθριος) means at daybreak.
Ormos (ὅρμος) means harbor-giver, a cord or chain. It reflects the notion of bounded by connection/meta.
Orrion (ὅρριον) means horreum, the granary, the place that contains the grain.
Ostrimon (ὅστρῐμον) means an enclosure for cattle.
Orei- (όρει-) and oreo- (όρεο-) are prefixes meaning mountain, a land-feature that often serves as a boundary-line for territory. Oreios (ὅρειος) means of the mountains.
ORCHESTRA
Orchas (όρχάς) means enclosing.
Orchatos (ὅρχᾰτος) means orchard or garden.
The orcheestra (όρχήστρα) is the space in the theatre on which the chorus dances. Breaking “orcheestra (όρχήστρα)” into its component parts, orchas (όρχάς) means enclosing, and eestikos (ήστικός) means what is pleasing, agreeable.
Parts of a Greek Theater. The orchestra is the circular part in the center. http://stagehistory.webs.com/ancientgreektheatre.htm
OVARIES AND TESTICLES
Orchea (ὅρχεα) and oschee (οσχη) mean scrotum, the pouch of skin that encloses the testicles.
Orchis (ορχις) means both ovary (ορχις) and testicle (ὅρχις). The ovary is the egg-shaped female reproductive gland which releases eggs/ova. The testicle is the egg-shaped male reproductive gland which releases sperm.
Ovaries are the two white egg-shaped glands flanking and connected to the uterus (center bulge) by fallopian tubes. Ovaries release eggs/ova. http://www.sydneygec.com.au/thumbnaillarge/1.jpg
Testicles are the two white egg-shaped glands that flank and are connected to the penis by the vas deferens. Testicles release sperm.
ORGAN
Orgas (όργάς) means fertile land, literally “entity outflow generative.”
An organ is an instrument, implement, or tool for making or doing a thing. It is the root for the word organization.
Organon (ὅργανον) means organ, of the body and its different parts.
Organon (ὅργανον) also means a musical instrument, a surgical instrument, an instrument of philosophy, and an instrument or table of calculations.
Orgao (όργάω) means growing ripe, getting ready to bear fruit; also, to be eager or excited.
Orgee (όργή) means a natural impulse or propensity, temperament. Orgee (όργή) also means initiated into the Mysteries (made complete).
Orgia (ὅργια) means religious mysteries, rites, sacrifice, worship, literally “entity outflow generative divine-power arising.” Religious rites are an instrument (an organ) for becoming one with the divine.
Orgizo (όργίζω) means to feel passionately about. Orgiao (όργιάω) means to be fierce, like a lion. Orgiastikos (όργιαστικός) means exciting.
URINE
Ouron (οὖρον) means urine. Oureo (ούρέω) means to urinate, with reo (ῤέω) meaning full stream, flow, so “entity pure stream.”
Oureethra (ούρήθρα) is the urethra, the tube that conveys urine.
Ouros (ούρος) means a trench or channel for hauling ships.
OURANOS: THE HEAVENS
The sun and constellations appear to revolve about the earth in a constant circular path.
Heavenly Ouranos (Ούρᾰνός) and Ourania (Όύρᾰνία, Ώρανία) are the only major Greek God and Goddess whose names begin with the letter Ο.
Ouranioi (Ούράνιοι) means the heavenly Gods and Ouraniai (Ούράνιαι) means the heavenly Goddesses.
Ouranios (ούράνιος) means heavenly. Note that ran- (ράν-) means drop, raindrop, sprinkle, so that ouran- (ούράν) means “entity pure rain.”
Ouros (οὖρος) means fair wind. The word roos (ῥόος) means stream, flow, current.
Ourios (οὓριος) means with a fair wind, prosperous, successful.
In Aeschylus’ play Danaids, Aphrodite (the immortal Goddess of love) describes her role in instigating Ouranos’ (Heaven’s) and Gaia’s (Earth’s) urge to merge, which ultimately brings forth Demeter’s gifts:
“The holy Heaven passionately desires to penetrate the Earth, and passionate desire takes hold of Earth for union with Heaven. Rain falls from the brimming fountains of Heaven and makes Earth conceive, and she brings forth for mortals grazing their flocks, cereals to sustain their life, and the fruit of trees: by the wedlock of the rain she comes to her fulfillment (τέλειος). Of this, I (Aphrodite) am in part the cause.”
(Aeschylus (circa 450 BCE). “Danaids 44,” Fragments, translated by Alan H. Sommerstein, Loeb Classical Library Volume 505 (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2008) 41).
Ouranos (Ούρᾰνός) is the vault or firmament of heaven; the immortal God of the sky.
In Orphic Hymn 3. To Heaven, Orpheus describes Heaven (Ouranos) as “forever whirling round this earthly ball,” and “encircling:”
“Great Heav’n, whose mighty frame no respite knows,
Father of all, from whom the world arose:
Hear, bounteous parent, source and end of all,
Forever whirling round this earthly ball;
Abode of Gods [and Goddesses], whose guardian pow’r surrounds
Th’ eternal World with ever during bounds;
Whose ample bosom and encircling folds
The dire necessity of nature holds.
Aetherial, earthly, whose all-various frame,
Azure and full of forms, no power can tame.
All-seeing Heav’n, progenitor of Time,
Forever blessed, deity sublime,
Propitious on a novel mystic shine,
And crown his wishes with a life divine."
(Orpheus. The Hymns of Orpheus (circa 200 BCE). translated by Thomas Taylor, Introductory Preface by Manly P. Hall (London: Printed for the Author, 1792. Reprinted Los Angeles, CA: The Philosophical Research Society, 1981) 117.)
Nonnos describes Ourania (Όύρᾰνία, Ώρανία) as “the Muse who knows the round circuit of the stars . . ."
(Nonnos (circa 450 CE). Dionysiaca Books 36-48, translated by Rouse, W.H.D. Loeb Classical Library vol. 356 (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1940) 95.)
The National Observatory in Athens features Ourania on its round logo. http://www.noa.gr/
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ourania&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1280&bih=600&tbm=isch&tbnid=_3bMr7XwA0iEYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.riskeos.com/actus/pge/contenu.php%3Farbo%3D4%26page%3D04pp&docid=SkW42zgHOinxsM&imgurl=http://www.riskeos.com/actus/img/logo_noa_ourania.jpg&w=512&h=503&ei=8eEjULbhIKHd0QHZ7YDYDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=551&vpy=165&dur=302&hovh=223&hovw=227&tx=113&ty=113&sig=113789498720919830157&page=1&tbnh=106&tbnw=108&&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:98
Each of the12 signs of the zodiac occupies its place in the heavens for approximately 30 days, totaling approximately 360 days per year.
http://www.weasner.com/etx/ref_guides/aries.html
A circle contains 360-degrees, roughly the number of days in a calendar year. The circle, below, is divided into 12 sections of 30-degrees each. The letter Ο is this shape.
http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/geog101/study/LongLat.htm
Note that hours of the day on a circular clock are also divided into 12 sections. Ora (ώρα) means hour, spelled with the letter Ω.
OCTO: 8
Ogdoos (ὅγδοος) means eighth.
Okto (όκτώ) and oktas (όκτάς) mean 8. Okta- (όκτά-) is a prefix meaning 8.
Okto (όκτώ) refers to the 8 spheres: the 7 planets + the stars.
“Xenocrates of Chalcedon intimates that the planets are seven [G]ods [and Goddesses] and that the ordered arrangement of the fixed stars is an eighth.”
(Clement of Alexandria. The Exhortation to the Greeks, Loeb Classical Library, translated by G. W. Butterworth (London: William Heineman; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1919) 149-150.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=KxY6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=clement+exhortation+xenocrates+of+chalcedon&source=bl&ots=jrHzX2E9OG&sig=9unljOmNYOlTYL9xRVaqlrdHVD0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HG4pULu5IOmL6gGX6oCACA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=clement%20exhortation%20xenocrates%20of%20chalcedon&f=false
The number 8 has the shape of two circles touching, quite possibly because every eight years the lunar and the solar cycles come into alignment.
Geminos’ (circa 50 BCE) description of the 8-year cycle that brings the solar and lunar cycles in alignment is discussed by Evans and Berggren:
The octaeteris/oktaeteeris (όκτάετηρίς) is “an 8-year lunisolar cycle . . . If we pick any 2 years that are 8 years apart, we find that the January new Moon falls on nearly the same date in each.”
The authors conclude that “All we can be sure of is that the octaeteris was introduced earlier than 432 B.C.[E.], the date associated with the beginning of Meton’s 19-year cycle . . . In any 2 years separated by 19 years, the date of the January new Moon repeats almost exactly.”
(James Evans and J. Lennart Berggren, Geminos’s Introduction to the Phenomena: A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Survey of Astronomy (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006), 82-84; 86-87.
http://books.google.com/books?id=HPBE3RbeceQC&pg=PA86&lpg=PA86&dq=octaeteris+geminus&source=bl&ots=WpOYNjCkaz&sig=sXOUIr_4o86LxndlNY5Q0RYk5JU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=j3YpUNnyM-Xb6wGC54CQDA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=octaeteris&f=false )
OFFSPRING
Osphus (οσφΰς) means loins (the genital and pubic area), literally “entity synchronized-contraction.”
Opuio (όπυίω) means marry, literally “entity unified.”
Opuieetees (όπυιητής) means husband. Oar (ὂᾰρ) means wife, literally “entity arising flow.”
Ozos (ὅζος) means offspring, bough, branch, twig, offshoot, scion, literally “entity spark.”
Orpeeks (ὅρπηξ) means sapling, young shoot, scion, or descendant, literally “entity outflow-of.”
Ogko (όγκόω) means to raise or rear a child to adulthood, literally “entity generative.”
OMPHALA, UMBILICAL CORD
Om- (ὅμ-) and omo- (όμο-) are prefixes meaning together, shared, in common, kin, like, equal, literally “entity meta/medium.”
Ombr- (όμβρ-) is a prefix meaning rain. Ombros (ὅμβρος) is a storm of rain, a thunderstorm, rains, heavy rain, inundation, with bro- (βρο-) meaning thunder/loud sounding, so that ὅμβρος means “entity connected-to thunder.”
The umbilical cord connects the fetus with the mother’s placenta. The umbilical cord is the medium by which nutrients flow to the fetus, drawing oxygen and nutrients from the mother.
Omphalee (όμφᾰλη) means umbilical cord. Note that phalagks (φάλαγξ) means main body, center, so that umbilical cord, omphalee (όμφᾰλη), literally means “entity (ό) medium-of-connection-to (μ) the main body (φάλαγξ).”
Omphalos (όμφᾰλός) means navel. The navel is the location of the umbilical cord’s attachment.
ORPHEUS
Orpheus (Όρφεύς, Ὅρφης, Όρφήν) is the author of the Hymns of Orpheus. An Orpheotelestees (Όρφεοτελεστής) is one who initiates into the mysteries of Orpheus, a hierophant.
In Euripides’ play The Bacchae (679-684), a maiden says of Orpheus:
“In the elm-woods and the oaken,
There where Orpheus harped of old,
And the trees awoke and knew him,
And the wild things gathered to him,
As he sang among the broken
Glens his music manifold.”
(Euripides (circa 450 BCE). The Bacchae, translated by Gilbert Murray, The Harvard Classics (New York: P.F. Collier and Son: 1909-1914) 679-686 ff.) http://www.bartleby.com/8/8/2.html
Orpheus with animals. Roman mosaic, circa 225 CE. From Building A of the Piazza della Vittoria in Palermo. Regional Archaeological Museum of Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
Diodorus of Sicily gives a brief description of Orpheus in his discussion of Heracles:
“Heracles . . . went to Athens and took part in the Eleusinian Mysteries, Musaeus, the son of Orpheus, being at that time in charge of the initiatory rites.
“Since we have mentioned Orpheus it will not be inappropriate for us in passing to speak briefly about him. He was the son of Oeagrus, a Thracian by birth, and in culture and song-music and poesy he far surpassed all men (sic) of whom we have a record; for he composed a poem which was an object of wonder and excelled in its melody when it was sung. And his fame grew to such a degree that men (sic) believed that with his music he held a spell over both the wild beasts and the trees.
“And after he had devoted his entire time to his education and had learned whatever the myths had to say about the [G]ods [and Goddesses], he journeyed to Egypt, where he further increased his knowledge and so became the greatest man among the Greeks both for his knowledge of the [G]ods [and Goddesses] and for their rites, as well as for his poems and songs.
“He also took part in the expedition of the Argonauts, and because of the love he held for his wife he dared the amazing deed of descending into Hades, where he entranced Persephonê by his melodious song and persuaded her to assist him in his desires and to allow him to bring up his dead wife from Hades . . .”
(Diodorus Siculus (of Sicily). Library of History 4. 25, translated by C. H. Oldfather, published in Vol. II of the Loeb Classical Library (New York and London: Harvard University Press: 1935) 425.) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html
Larousse Greek and Roman Mythology describes Orpheus as the founder of the mysteries of Eleusis and describes “Orphism” as follows:
“Orphic theogony differed considerably from traditional theogony or that of Hesiod. The world was born on an egg; the upper part of the shell became the sky and the lower part, the Earth.”
(Joel Schmidt. Larousse Greek and Roman Mythology, edited by Dr. Seth Benardete (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980) 202.)
(OR)PHANS
Orphanos (όρφᾰνος) means orphan. Phanes (Φάνς) is a divinity in the Orphic religion representing the first principle of life, so that orphanos (όρφᾰνος) means “entity outflow-of first principle of life.” (Phanes had no parents).
Phanee (Φᾰνή) means torch or light, literally “divinely-animated-entity arising.”
The Derveni Papyrus describes Phanes as a male-female entity who emerged from an egg created by Chronos (Time). Phanes, in concert with Night, created the Heavens. The Heavens, in concert with Earth, created many Gods and Goddesses.
(Gabor Betegh, The Derveni Papyrus: Cosmology, Theology and Interpretation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004) 141-142.) http://books.google.com/books?id=5HaKQFeYSBEC&q=egg#v=snippet&q=egg&f=false
Phanes is depicted below as winged and enwrapped by a serpent, suggesting both heavenly and earthly qualities.
Phanes hatched from the world egg & circled by the zodiac. Greco-Roman bas relief circa 150 CE. Image located in Galeriea e Museo Eustense,Modena, Italy. http://www.theoi.com/Protogenos/Phanes.html
http://mitosmania.blogspot.com/2011/01/os-protogenoi-deuses-primordiais.html
http://www.zoence.com/article/eros
OPHIS AND ORNIS: SERPENTS AND BIRDS
Serpents are ambassadors of the earth, while birds are ambassadors of the sky. Serpents live both on and below the earth, birds live both on and above the earth.
Ophis (ὅφις) means serpent. Opheo- (όφεό-, όφεω-) and ophio- (όφῐο-) are prefixes meaning serpent.
Ornis (ὅρνις) means bird. Orneo- (όρνεό-) is a prefix meaning bird. The letter Ν is associated with prevailing over, as in the winged Nike and nephele (clouds).
Oion- (οίων-) means an omen from the flight or cry of birds. Oionos (οίωνός) means a large bird, a bird of prey, or a bird of omen or auguries (divine interpretations).
TO OWE
To owe is to be indebted in a way that completes the requirements of justice.
Ophra (ὅφρᾰ) means in order that, so long as.
Ophlema (ὅφλεμα) means a fine incurred in a judgment, a judgment debt.
Ophlano (όφλάνω) means to become a debtor.
Ophello (όφέλλω) means to owe, to have to pay or account for, to be due. Ophello (όφέλλω) also means to increase, enlarge, or strengthen. Ophelos (ὅφελος) means a furtherance. Ophelees (όφελής) is an advantage or help.
SWEEP
Opheltreuo (όφελτρεύω) means to sweep; tre- (τρε-) is a prefix meaning change or turn.
Opheltron (όφελτρον) and ophelma (ὅφελμα) mean broom.
BROW
Ophrus (όφρῦς) means brow, the part of the face that reflects one’s natural dispositions.
Philostratus the Younger describes Medea’s and Jason’s brows in reference to their dispositions:
“Who is the woman with a grim frown above her eyes, her brow charged with deep thought . . . I believe one must recognize Medea . . .
“The form of Jason is slender, but not at all lacking in strength; his flashing eye is overhung by a brow that is haughty and defiant of all opposition.”
(Philostratus (circa 190 CE). “Medea among the Colchians,” Imagines, Elder Philostratus, Younger Philostratus, Callistratus, translated by Arthur Fairbanks, Loeb Classical Library Volume 256 (London: William Heinemann, 1931) 313.)
Seneca describes Lycus’ disposition with reference to his brow:
“But see, ferocious and with threats upon his brow, the same in gait and spirit, Lycus comes, brandishing another’s sceptre in his hand.”
(Seneca. Hercules Furens, Tragedies, translated by Frank Justus Miller, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heineman, 1917.)
http://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaHerculesFurens.html
OSIRIS AND HORUS
Osiris (Ὅσῑρις) is the immortal Egyptian Father-God, literally “entity synchronized divine-power outflow.”
When the reigning Egyptian pharaoh died he became Osiris (the deceased ruler). Osiris was then resurrected as the new reigning ruler: Oros (Ὣρος), Horus.
(Manfred Lurker, An Illustrated Dictionary of The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Egypt, translated from the German (1974) by Barbara Cummings (English-language edition London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1980) 93.)
The name Horus/Oros (Ὣρος) means ascendant. Similar-sounding orusso (όρύσσω) means dig up, excavate.
OSIA: DIVINE LAW
Adherence to divine law completes mortal obligation to the immortals, especially at the commencement of an undertaking.
Osia (όσία, όσίη) means divine law; the service or worship owed by humans to Gods and Goddesses; personified Righteousness; worship, offerings; funeral rites, last honors paid to the dead.
Osia (ὅσιᾰ) means the voice of the Muse; the sound of the lyre; the din of battle; a prophecy or warning.
Osios (ὅσιος) means hallowed; sanctioned or allowed by divine law; holy; lawful, not forbidden by any law; pious, devout, religious; pure, holy.
DIVINATION
Divination is a means by which humans discern alignment with the divine.
Omphee (όμφή) means the voice of the Gods and Goddesses, an “oracle;” song; scent.
Omphee (όμφή), in addition to meaning voice of the immortals, also means sweet sound and, specifically, an “oracle” delivered from the inner shrine at Pytho (Delphi).
Onar (ὅνᾰρ) meanss a dream or vision in sleep. Oneir- (όνειρ-) is a prefix meaning dream, literally “entity prevailing essence divine-power outflow.” Oneiros (ὅνειρος) means dream.
Oneiraiteesia (όνειραιτησία) means obtaining revelations in a dream.
Otta (ὅττα) means the voice of the Muse; the sound of the lyre; the din of battle; a prophecy or warning. Otteia (όττεία) means divination from ominous sounds.
“ORACLE:” NOT A GREEK WORD
“Oracle” is not a Greek word. The closest word in Greek is orakiao (ώρᾶκιάω), which is defined by Liddell-Scott as “faint, swoon, sway.”
“Oracle” is a Latin-Christian contrivance dated to circa 1400 CE employed to replace the Greek word chreestees (χρήστης) (prophet) in translations of ancient Greek texts. (Note that the printing press was invented circa 1450 CE.) (Note that the root of the word Damateer (Δαμάτηρ, Δημήτηρ), the immortal Goddess Demeter, became a Latin-Christian curse: damn. The root of the word Hellenic, Hellas (Έλλάς), became the Latin-Christian place of damnation: hell.)
Chreestees (χρήστης) means prophet, “oracle.”
Chreesteerios (χρηστήριος) means prophetic, “oracular.”
Chreesteerion (χρηστήριον) means “oracle,” the seat of an “oracle.” Chreesmos (χρησμός) means “oracle.”
Sir William Smith in his Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities equates the Latin word “oraculum” (ps. 836-843) with the Greek manteion (μαντεῖον) or chreesteerion (χρηστήριον).
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Oraculum.html
The Collins Greek Pocket Dictionary gives the Greek equivalent of “oracle” as manteio (μαντείο) or chreesmos (χρησμός).
(Harry T. Hionides, Collins Greek Pocket Dictionary (London: William Collins Sons & Co, 1988.)
OR: SHAKING THINGS UP
The prefix or- (όρ-) literally, “entity outflow,” suggests a change in the status quo.
Orino (όρίνω) means to stir, raise, move, excite, or incite.
Ormao (όρμάω) means to set in motion or to start.
Ormee (όρμή) means rapid motion forward, onrush, onset, assault, attack.
Orsi- (όρσί-) and orso- (όρσό-) are prefixes meaning to stir.
Oruk- (όρυκ-) is a prefix meaning to dig.
Orego (όρέγω) means to reach, stretch, or stretch out. Orektos (όρεκτός) means longed for, desired. Oreksis (ὅρεξις) means longing, yearning, desire.
Orrodia (όρρωδία) means horror. Orrodeo (όρρωδέω) means to dread or shrink from, be horrified.
Orchamos (όρχᾰμος) means leader or chief.
An oreus (όρεύς) is a mule, a beast of burden. Webster’s defines mule as “the sterile offspring a female horse and a male donkey valued as a work animal.”
ORTHO: STRAIGHT, GENUINE
The prefix orth- (όρθ-) means straight, righteous, literally “entity outflow divine.” (This is consistent with the meaning of the vertical letter Ι, “divine-power,” particularly with regard to magnetic fields such as gravity and the earth’s magnetic fields.)
Ortho- (όρθο-) is a prefix meaning straight; right, just, upright, true; standing, safe, prosperous, correct, real, genuine. Orthos (όρθός) means straight, upright, standing; right, true, correct, genuine; safe, prosperous.
Orthios (ὅρθιος) means straight up, steep, uphill, high, upright, standing, high-pitched, formed in a column, straight (the opposite of crooked).
Orthotees (όρθότης) means upright posture, erectness, straightness.
Ortheia (Όρθεία, Όρθία, Όρθωσία, Fωρθεία, Fορθεία, Fορθασία, Βωρθεία, Βορθέα) is an epithet of the immortal Goddess Artemis.
Orthodoksia (όρθοδοξία) means orthodox. Note that doksa (δόξᾰ) means expectation, opinion, judgment; vision; honor, glory, splendor.
Orthagoriskos (όρθᾰγορίσκος) means sucking-pig. Gor- (γορ-) is a prefix meaning fierce, spirited, vigorous, grim, quick.
Orthologia (όρθολογία) means correctness of language (λογία).
Orthomanteia (όρθομαντεία) means true prophecy (μαντεία).
Orthopolis (όρθοπόλις) means upholding the city (πόλις).
Orthoteer (όρθωτήρ) means one who sets or keeps upright, restorer or preserver.
OI: STEER, GUIDE
Oieek (οιηκ) is a prefix meaning steer, guide, pilot, literally “entity divine(ly)-powered.”
An oiaks (οῐαξ) is the handle of rudder. Another word for rudder is oieeion (οίηϊον), similar to the word for opinion, oieema (οϊημα), that which steers one.
Oimos (οἷμος) means way, road, or path.
Oitos (οἷτος) means fate.
Oichneo (οίχνέω) means to go or to come.
Oima (οἷμα) means rush, swoop, pounce.
ODYSSEY: JOURNEY
Odusseia (Όδύσσεια), the Odyssey, is a famous Greek epic chronicling the travels of Odysseus (Όύδυσσεύς, Όδυσσεύς).
Od- (ὂδ-) is a prefix meaning travel, journey, passage, highway, thoroughfare, literally “entity directed-trajectory.”
Odeuo (όδεύω) means go, travel.
Odios (ὂδιος) means belonging to a way or journey.
Odo- (όδο-) is a prefix meaning road. Odos (όδός) is a way, road, course, or channel. The odos iera (όδός ίερά) is the sacred road to Eleusis.
Odoi- (όδοι-) is a prefix meaning roam, walk, journey.
An odometron (όδόμετρον) is an instrument for measuring distances.
Odopoieo (όδοποιέω) means to make passable, make a path, and to act as a pioneer or road-maker.
Odotos (όδωτός) means passable, practicable, feasible.
Odaia (όδαῖα) is merchandise which a merchant must travel for. Odao (όδαω) means to be carried away and sold.
Othen (ὅθεν) means whence, from whom, from (a source).
OU = NOT?
Ou (οῦ) means where. Outos (οὕτως) means in this way, in this manner, so, thus.
Ou (ού), according to the Lexicon, also indicates the negative of a fact or statement. The Lexicon then goes on to qualify this definition in a lengthy 29-part explanation. The stand-alone combination of the letter O with the letter Y literally translates as "entity pure," that is, "entity free-of."
The prefix oudo- (ούδο-) means way, direction, literally “entity pure directed-trajectory.”
Oudos (ούδός) means threshold, entrance.
Oudaios (ούδαῖος) means on the ground, underground (epithet of the immortal Goddess Persephone).
Oudas (οὖδας) means surface of the earth, ground.
Oudeeeis (ούδήεις) means terrestrial.
For some reason, when ou- (ού-) precedes dam- (δᾰμ-), it results in a translation that means naught, nowhere, non-existent. This may be significant because Damatros (Δάματρος) is the Greek name for the immortal Goddess Demeter, possibly indicating intentional mis-translations, because, alternatively, this combination of letters would mean “the way/path of Demeter.”
The following have a smell of mistranslation:
Oudama (ούδᾰμά): never, not at all.
Oudamee (ούδᾰμῆ): nowhere, in no place.
Oudaminos (ούδᾰμῐνος): worthless.
Oudamothen (ούδᾰμόθεν): from no place.
Oudamothi (ούδᾰμόθῐ): nowhere, in no place.
Oudamoi (ούδᾰμοῐ): to no place.
Oudamos (ούδᾰμός): not any one, no one.
Oudamou (ούδᾰμοῦ): nowhere.
In the same vein, when the letters ou- (ού-) precede de- (δε-) they are translated to mean not.
Oude (ούδέ): but not, nor, and not, not even.
Oude pee (ούδέ πη): never.
Oude po (ούδέ πω): not yet.
Oudeis (ούδείς): not one, zero, naught, none whatever.
Oudenia (ούδενία): nothingness.
Oudenaki (ούδενάκῐ): not once, in no times.
Oudeteros (ούδέτερος): neither of the two, neutral.
Ou dee (ού δή): certainly not.
PREPARE FOR JOURNEY, BATTLE
Opeedeuo (όπηδεύω) means to follow, accompany, attend, or go with.
Oplizo (όπλίζω) means to get ready, harness, equip, or arm.
Oplon (ὅπλον) means tool, implement, tackle, implement of war, armor, shield, or weapons.
Opaon (όπάων) means comrade. Note that a paon (πάων) is a song of triumph, battle-song, a solemn song or chant on beginning an undertaking.
Opos (ὅπως) means in order that.
FOOD
Olinoi (ὅλινοι) means sheaves of barley.
Sheaf of barley http://4h.uwex.edu/onlinpro/smallgrains.cfm
Oulai (ούλαί) (originally όFλαί) are the barley-corns or barley-groats sprinkled on the head of an animal before a sacrifice to “complete” the sacrifice.
Ompneios (ὅμπνειος) means of or relating to corn, nourishing. Ompnia (Ὅμπνια) is an epithet of the immortal Goddess Demeter.
Ompnai (ὅμπναι) are sacrificial cakes of meal and honey.
Oporo- (όπωρο-) is a prefix meaning fruit.
Opora (όπώρα) means the fruitful part of summer/fruit/ripeness, the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and Arcturus (i.e. the last days of July, all of August, and part of September).
Opt- (όπτ-) is a prefix meaning roast. Optos (όπτός) means roasted, broiled, baked, scorched, or forged, the meat is complete and ready to eat.
Opson (ὅψον) means cooked or otherwise prepared food, such as fish, relish, or sauce, eaten with bread and wine.
JUICE, MILK, WINE
Oros (όρός) means a milky fluid, literally “entity outflow.”
Orobachos (όρόβακχος) means the fruits of the pomegranate, suggesting an association with the immortal God of wine, Bacchos (όρό=fluid, βακχος=Bakchos).
Outhar (οΰθαρ) means udder/breast, literally “entity pure divine arising outflow.”
Opo- (όπο-) is a prefix meaning juice or milk. Opos (όπός) means juice.
Opizo (όπίζω) means to extract juice from.
Incidentally, opion (ὅπιον) is poppy-juice/opium, the basis for the word opiate. Opikos (όπικός) means made of opium.
Oinos (οΐνος) means wine. Oinee (οϊνη) means the vine.
Oino- (οίνό-) and oin- (οίν-) are prefixes meaning wine, literally “entity divine-power prevailing.”
BULGING SHAPES
Oa (ὅα) and oea (όέα) mean sheep-skin.
Oes (ὃες) means sheep-skin or bulb. Both sheep and bulbs have a bulging, pear-like shape.
Oeidees (όειδής) means egg-shaped.
Ogchnee (ὅγχνη) means pear or pear-tree.
Sheep have a bulging-shaped, pear-like body. http://img.thesun.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00412/SNN0214A_682_412444a.jpg
Pear-shaped bulbs. http://www.srgc.org.uk/bulblog/log2008/290808/log.html
A pear has a bulging shape. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pears.jpg
Oid- (οιδ-) is a prefix meaning swell, swollen.
Oiis (οἶις, ὅϊς) means sheep, both the ram and the ewe.
Oios (οϊεος, ὅϊος) mean of or from a sheep.
PRESERVATIVES
Oa (ὅα) means service tree. The service tree is so-called because it blooms in spring when the ground has softened enough to bury winter’s deceased and hold funeral services.
The service-berry (ὅοιγα, ὅον) is highly astringent when first picked, but when left to over-ripen becomes sweet. The astringent fruit of the service tree, Sorbus domestica, is a source of sorbic acid, a preservative.
Omphakos (όμφᾰκός) means unripe; sour grapes used to make vinegar. Vinegar is a preservative used, for example, in pickling.
Oksos (ὅξος) means vinegary wine. Oks- (όξ-) is a prefix meaning vinegar; acidic, sharp, sour.
TEETH
Odous (ὀδούς) means teeth.
Odont- (όδοντ-) is a prefix meaning teeth; don- (δον-) is a prefix meaning reeds; shake, agitation, percussion.
Odaks (όδάξ) means biting with the teeth. (Note that aks- (άξ-) is a prefix meaning axe; counterbalancing.)
EYES
Eyes are generally spherical, which may account for so many words that mean eye beginning with the letter Ο.
Okkon (ὅκκον) and omma (ὃμμα) mean eye.
Osse (ὃσσε) and ophthalmos (όφθαλμός) mean eyes.
Ophthalmikos (όφθαλμικός) means of or for the eyes.
Opopa (ὅπωπα) means a sight or view.
Orao (όράω) means to see or look. Orama (ὅρᾱμα) means that which is seen, a visible object, or sight. Orasis (ὅρᾱσις) means the act of sight or the eyes.
ASPECT
Opsis (ὅψις) means aspect, appearance of a person or thing, countenance, visual impression, thing seen, sight, vision, apparition, power of sight, literally “entity incorporeal.”
Ops (ὅψ) means voice; word; eye; face.
The following definitions with the prefix ops- (όψ-) may reflect the position of the letter ψ as one of the last letters of the alphabet.
Opse (όψέ) means after a long time, at length; late; late in the day, at evening; late at night; late in the season.
Opsi- (όψί-) is a prefix meaning late; delayed.
Opsia (όψία) means the latter part of day; evening.
Opsios (ὅψιος) means late; later.
Opsonion (όψώνιον), the word for salary/pay, probably derives from its being long-awaited or received at day’s end.
SMELL
When objects give off molecules, they smell. They may be in a state of ripeness, readiness. An object’s smell is an indication of what it is.
Ozo (ὅζω) means smell, scent, odor, literally “entity spark brings-forth.”
Osmee (ὀσμη) means smell, scent, odor, literally “entity synchronized meta.”
Osphr- (όσφρ-) is a prefix meaning to catch the scent of, smell, be able to smell, literally “entity synchronized divinely-animated-entity outflow.”
SOLID STRUCTURE
Words beginning with ost- (όστ-) suggest hard structure; the prefix st- (στ-) begins many words that mean strong.
Osto- (όστο-) is a prefix meaning bones. Osteon (οστέον) means bones.
Ostrakas (όστρᾰκᾶς) means potter, earthen, made of clay.
Ostrakon (ὅστρᾰκον) meanss an earthen vessel or a shell.
Ostreon (ὅστρεον) means oyster; στράβηλος means snail or shell-fish
HELP
Onee (όνή) means help; nee (νή) is a particle of strong affirmation with the divinity invoked.
Oneesis (ὅνησις) means something of use, profit, advantage, or benefit.
Oneiar (ὅνειαρ) means that which brings profit, advantage, strength, or refreshment.
Oneios (ὅνειος) means useful.
An onos (ὅνος) is a useful animal, a beast of burden. Onosis (ὅνοσις) means burden or blame, as in “the onus is on you.”
Onthos (ὅνθος) is the dung of animals, used as fertilizer.
OTHER
Obrimos (ὅβρῐμος) means strong and mighty. (Note that brimos (βρῐμος) means mighty.)
Ogmos (ὃγμος) means a furrow made by a plow; row. A furrow looks like bulging and indented lines after plowing.
Furrows bulge up from the ground in a field after plowing. http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-39180748/stock-photo-the-image-shows-the-furrows-in-a-field-after-plowing-it.html
Plowing furrows. http://csm-fanaa.blogspot.com/2010/05/ploughing.html
Othon- (όθον-) is a prefix meaning fine linen, sails, linen cloth, towels.
Othonna (όθόννα) is greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, a relative of the poppy, a central nervous system sedative, toxic, purgative, antispasmodic that can cause nausea, vomiting, numbness, fainting, and coma.
Oigo (οϊγω) means open.
Okl- (όκλ-) is a prefix meaning to crouch down or squat, “entity core loosened.”
Okn- (όκν-) is a prefix meaning reluctance, fear, to shrink from, “entity core prevailing.”
Okrio- (όκριο-) means rugged, jagged, rough, or having many points.
Okris (ὅκρῐς) meanss a jagged point, roughness, literally “entity core flow.”
Olig- (όλῐγ-) is a prefix meaning few, as in oligarchia (όλῐγαρχία), oligarchy, government in the hands of a few families or persons.
Olis- (όλισ-) is a prefix meaning slippery, “entity loosened.”
Olk- (ολκ-) means draw, track, trace, haul, pull, literally “entity loosened.”
Olmos (ὅλμος) is a socket; mortar; any bowl-shaped body; drinking vessel. A mortar is a bowl used to break down herbs into medicines.
Omeeros (Ὅμηρος) is Homer, the famous poet. Omeeros (Ὅμηρος) shares the prefix omeer- (όμήρ-), which means meet, accord, agree.
Onoma (ὅνομα) means name.
Onuks (ονυξ) means fingernails.
Opallios (όπάλλιος) means opal.
An opal. http://opalrough.ca/opal_590.htm
Opiso (όπίσω) means backwards, back again, again.
The suffix –os (-ος) frequently ends Greek nouns, as if to serve as punctuation marking the end/completion of an idea, such as the period at the end of this sentence. It should be noted that ancient Greek texts did not feature breaks between words.
Osprion (ὅσπριον) means a pulse. Note that prion- (πριον-) is a prefix meaning notched.
Otan (ὅταν) means at the time when, when.
Oti (ὅτi) means for what; otiee (ὅτιή) means because.
Otlos (ὅτλος) means suffering or distress arising from something.
Ous (οὖς) means the handle of pitchers or cups. Ous (οὖς) means ear. (acoustic)
The letter Ο is the symbol for the number 70.