Υ υ upsilon (Υ ψιλόν) pure, purified, purifying pronounce: long-u (spelled and pronounced “hy” in English)
The letter Υ means pure, purified, purifying.
Note that psilon (ψιλόν) means simple, bare, unaccompanied, stripped of appendages, so that upsilon (Υ ψιλόν) means “pure simply.”
The alchemical symbol for water is an inverted triangle, reminiscent of the top part of the letter Υ.
Alchemical symbol for water. http://www.ancient-symbols.com/alchemy_symbols.html
WATER
A goblet, an ancient vessel for potable liquids, has the shape of Υ.
Bucchero goblet decorated with animals, griffins, and people, Etruscan, circa 600-575 BCE. Probably made in Tarquinia (ancient Etruria), Lazio, Italy. British Museum, room 71, Etruscan World.
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/b/bucchero_ware_drinking_cup.aspx
Modern and ancient methods for purifying water have the shape of the letter Υ.
A single manicum or sleeve of Hippocrates filtering the drink into a hippocras pot used for serving. http://www.historicfood.com/Ypocras.htm
Simple water filtration. http://www.luminoruv.com/education_filtration.php
Water filtration. http://www.koniaus.com/technology_water_filtration.html
The Pure Water Bottle filters soiled water in two minutes by using a combination of 4 micron-sized water filters and a wind-up ultraviolet light system, removing up to 99.9% of impurities from any water source.
http://inhabitat.com/6-water-purifying-devices-for-clean-drinking-water-in-the-developing-world/
Water is used universally for practical and ritual cleansing and purification. Nonnos describes the ritual use of water in the founding of Thebes:
“[In the founding of Grecian Thebes] Cadmos brought the sacred cow beside an altar smoking with incense, and sought for a rill of spring water, that he might cleanse his ministering hands and pour the pure water over the sacrifice . . .”
(Nonnos (circa 450 CE). Dionysiaca Books 4.344, translated by W.H.D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1940). http://www.theoi.com/Text/NonnusDionysiaca4.html
Rainwater is one of the purest, most potable forms of water.
Uo (ὕω) means rain.
Uetos (ύετός) means rain. Uetia (ύετία) means rainy weather.
Ueus (Ύεύς) and Uees (Ὕης) are epithets of Zeus as the immortal God of fertilizing rain.
Uee (Ὕη) is another name for Semele, the mortal mother of the immortal wine God Dionysos.
Udron (ύδρων) is Hydron the month in which the constellation Aquarius (the water-bearer) rises (January-February).
Udor (ὕδωρ) means rain; rain-water.
Udro- (ύδρο-), “hydro-,” is a prefix meaning water.
Udatoo (ύδᾰτόω) means to be liquid, watery. Udat- (ύδᾰτ-) is a prefix meaning watery.
Udria (ύδρία) means hydria, a water-pot, pitcher of potable water.
Black-figured water-jar (hydria) with a scene at a fountain-house. Greek, about 520-500 BCE. Made in Athens, Greece; from Vulci in Etruria (now in Lazio, Italy), The British Museum.
“The fountain-house is shown as a small but elegant building with a pediment above two Ionic columns, and a central partition. Inside, two women are filling jars with water, which gushes out of lion-headed spouts. At each side, two more women walk away with full water-jars on their heads . . . this and similar scenes may show preparations for a ritual known as the Hydrophoria. This took place on the second day of the spring festival of the Anthesteria, and involved the ceremonial pouring of water into a particular chasm.” http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/b/black-figured_water-jar.aspx
Udrops (ύδρωψ, ὕδρωψ) mean dropsy, a condition in which the tissues of the body become swollen with fluid; also, any watery discharge.
Udnon (ὕδνον) means truffle. A truffle is an edible, subterranean fungi. According to GarlandTruffles.com, to cultivate truffles, “Moisture throughout the year is essential.”
Truffle. http://www.truffle-and-truffe.com/index-uk.htm
Udra (ὕδρα), “hydra,” means water-serpent.
Ugra- (ύγρά) means to be wet or moist. Ugro- (ύγρο-) is a prefix meaning wet, watery.
Ugros (ύγρός) means wet, moist, fluid.
Ulis (ύλις) means mud.
Ubos (ὗβος) means the hump of a camel, believed to play a role in the camel’s remarkable ability to remain hydrated during long periods without water in the desert.
A camel. http://www.clker.com/clipart-52291.html
HYADES CONSTELLATION
The V-shaped constellation Uades (Ύάδες), the Hyades, rises in the east at the head of Taurus, the bull, in April/May, and sets in September/October. These dates generally correspond with the Spring and Autumn equinoxes.
The Hyades setting in the fall heralds the rainy season in Greece.
The v-shaped Hyades cluster. http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2008/11/21/high-five-the-hyades-tonight/
Ovid calls the Hyades the nurses of the immortal God of wine, and the granddaughters of the immortal God and Goddess of the ocean.
"But when darkening twilight ushers in the night,
The whole flock of Hyades is revealed.
Taurus' face gleams with seven rays of fire, which Greek
Sailors call Hyades from their rain-word.
To some they were the nurses of Bacchus, to others
Granddaughters of Tethys and old Ocean.”
(Ovid. Fasti 5.164-168, translated by A. J. Boyle and R. D. Woodard (London and New York: Penguin Books, 2004) 118.)
According to Hyginus and Cicero, the Hyades are called suculae by the Romans. This may be in reference to their setting corresponding with the sacrifice of suckling-pigs at the Greater Eleusinian festival in the fall.
“ . . . the Hyades . . . They call these same stars Suculae in Latin, but certain authors say that they are called Hyades from the fact that they are positioned in the shape of the Greek letter Υ. Quite a few say that it is because they bring rain with them when they rise (the Greek for “to rain” is hyein).”
(Hyginus. Fabulae 192, (Apollodorus’ Library and Hyginus’ Fabulae) translated by R. Scott Smith and Stephen M. Trzaskoma (Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing, 2007) 162.) http://books.google.com/books?id=vczTNMWLGdoC&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=Pseudo-Hyginus,+Fabulae+192&source=bl&ots=mT6h5bU2zt&sig=cqJU98yMHIA83EKl2Tu_l4LWYdU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aauzUKeHN8jE0AGK84HoDg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=hyades&f=false
“His head (the Bull) is bespangled with a multitude of stars:
The Greeks were wont to call them Hyades,
from their bringing rain, the Greek for which is hyein,
while our nation stupidly names them the Sucking-
pigs, as though the name Hyades were derived from
the word for 'pig' and not from 'rain.'”
(Cicero, De Natura Deorum, II. xHii.— xliv. (2.43.111)
http://www.archive.org/stream/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft_djvu.txt
PIG
Us (ὖς) means pig, wild swine, the boar, hog, sow.
Us- (ὕσ-) is a prefix meaning pig.
Uo- (ύο-) is a prefix meaning pig.
Ueen- (ύην-) is a prefix meaning pig, swine, hog.
Ueikos (ύεικός), uikos (ύϊκός), and ueios (ὕειος) means of, for, or belonging to pigs.
Pigs are particularly earth-loving animals. They wallow in mud and uproot food with their snouts.
Pigs love mud. http://www.factzoo.com/mammals/domestic-pig-pink-porky-mud-wallower.html
The shape of the Chinese symbol for pig is somewhat similar to the letter Υ.
Chinese symbol for pig. http://asianform.com/Asian_Languages.php
Pigs are traditionally associated with Greek purification rituals and especially, but not exclusively, with Demeter, the immortal Goddess of agriculture.
“The blood of the pig was considered a very potent agent of purification with the power to absorb the impure spirit inhabiting human beings . . . Since the small animal became as emblematic of the celebration (of Demeter at Eleusis) as the torch and the kernos, we find it represented in the arms of mystai in a number of works of art.”
(George E. Mylonas. Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961) 249-250.)
“On the 16th (day of Boedromion) . . . purification rites were held. The initiates bathed in the sea, each with a suckling pig which they later sacrificed.”
(Joint Association of Classical Teachers. The World of Athens: An Introduction to Classical Athenian Culture (Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 125.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=VgDKeqi4or8C&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=Suckling+pigs+were+bathed+and+sacrificed+at+the+Greater+Eleusinian+Mysteries&source=bl&ots=6_wxNYCvZO&sig=rdnja9gbNnyzu2dx694gOWYcod4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=N0a1UN-WIeWG0QGagYHYBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Suckling%20pigs%20were%20bathed%20and%20sacrificed%20at%20the%20Greater%20Eleusinian%20Mysteries&f=false
“At a certain time of the year, perhaps at the festival of the threshing, pigs were thrown into subterranean hollows. The putrefied remains were brought up again at the festival of the autumn sowing—the Thesmophoria—laid on altars, and mixed with seed corn—a very simple and old-fashioned fertility charm. The swine was the holy animal of Demeter. Pigs were sacrificed by the mystae before their initiation, and figures of swine are found at Demeter’s sanctuaries at Eleusis, at Cnidus, and elsewhere.”
(Martin P. Nilsson. Greek Popular Religion, “The Religion of Eleusis” (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1940 and reprinted by BiblioBazaar, 2008) 49.)
http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/gpr07.htm
Ancient coins from Eleusis depict a pig standing balanced on a rod with a bull’s head as the fulcrum. The reverse side is believed to be Triptolemos, a favorite of the immortal Goddess Demeter to whom she entrusted the secrets of agriculture. The bull’s head is the head of the constellation Taurus (April-May).
10801. ATTICA, ELEUSIS, Circa 340-335 BCE. AE (17mm, 4.09 g, 5h). Eleusis mint. Triptolemos, holding grain ear, seated right in winged chariot being drawn by two serpents / Pig standing right on mystic staff; bucranium below. Kroll 38h; Svoronos, Monnaies pl. 103, 4-5. VF, dark brown patina, obverse a bit off center.
Attica - Eleusis. circa 350-250 BCE. AE 12 mm. Triptolemos, favourite of Demeter, seated left in winged car drawn by serpents, holding corn-ears / Boar standing right on bacchos; beneath, bull's head.
http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/attica/eleusis/SNGCop_415.jpg
Eleusis, Attica, ca. 350-330 B.C. AE 16. Triptolemos, holding grain ear in right hand, seated left in winged chariot being drawn by two serpents / ELEUSI, boar standing right on mystic staff; boar's head and ivy leaf below. Kroll 38; Svor. pl. 103, 2-3; SNG Cop 414. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/attica/eleusis/t.html
Pausanias describes the judges at the Olympics purifying themselves with pigs and water:
“Whatever ritual it is the duty of either the Sixteen Women or the Elean umpires (of Olympus) to perform, they do not perform before they have purified themselves with a pig meet for purification and with water.”
(Pausanias (circa 150 CE). Description of Greece 5.16.8, translated by W. H. S. Jones and H. A. Omerod, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1918.) http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias5B.html
Below, the immortal God Apollo purifies the murderer Orestes with the blood of a piglet.
Orestes is purified by the god Apollo at Delphi, appeasing the Furies (Erinyes) of his mother Klytaimnestra who torment him for the crime of matricide. The hero sits upon the Delphic altar as Apollon purifies him with the blood of a suckling pig. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France, Apulian Red Figure Krater, Attributed to the Eumenides Painter, circa 380 - 370 BCE. http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T40.6.html
Jason and Medea sought purification for the murder of Medea’s brother in like manner:
" . . . she (Circe) began to offer the sacrifice with which ruthless suppliants are cleansed from guilt when they approach the altar. First, to atone for the murder still unexpiated, she held above their heads the young of a sow whose dugs yet swelled from the fruit of the womb, and, severing its neck, sprinkled their hands with the blood . . .”
(Apollonius Rhodius. Argonautica 4. 700 ff, translated by R. C. Seaton, Loeb Classical Library (London: William Heinemann, 1912.) http://www.theoi.com/Text/ApolloniusRhodius4.html )
UTERUS
The uterus is in the shape of the letter Υ.
The uterus could be considered a vessel for a pure soul.
Us (ὖς), “hys,” means mother; female genitals.
Ustera (ύστέρα) means hystera, ovary; womb, uterus, literally “pure synchronized-contraction stretch/extend essence outflow arising.”
Uterus. http://www.news-medical.net/image.axd?picture=2012%2F11%2Futerus-1.jpg
Uphaimos (ὕφαιμος) means filled with blood, containing blood.
Uios (υίός) means child, literally “pure divine-power entity.”
Uda (ύϊδῆ) means granddaughter. Uidous (ύϊδοῦς) means grandson.
HYGIENE
Ugieia (Ύγίεια) is Hygeia, the immortal Goddess of health and the basis for the word hygiene.
Hygeia is one of the deities to whom the Hippocratic Oath is sworn:
"I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia, and all the [G]ods and [G]oddesses, making them my witnesses . . .”
(Hippocrates as quoted by Ludwig Edelstein. The Hippocratic Oath Text, Translation and Interpretation (Baltimore: Hopkins Press, 1943.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=1ZvgAAAAMAAJ&q=I+swear#search_anchor
Webster’s defines hygiene as “the science that deals with the preservation of health; a condition or practice conducive to the preservation of health, as cleanliness.”
Ugi- (ύγῐ-) is a prefix meaning make sound or healthy, heal, cure, literally “pure generative divine-power.”
Ugeios (ὕγειος) means sound, unbroken.
Ugiazo (ύγῐάζω) means make sound or healthy, heal, cure.
Upal- (ὕπάλ-) is a prefix meaning salve.
The hydria, below, features an image of Hygeia.
Red-figured water jar (hydria), signed by Meidias as potter
Greek, about 420-400 BCE From Athens, Greece, British Museum. http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/r/red-figured_water_jar,_athens.aspx
Detail of Hygeia, Athenian red-figure hydria, circa 450 BCE, British Museum, London, Catalogue Number: London E224 Beazley Archive Number: 220497, Attributed to the Meidias Painter. http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/AsklepiasHygeia.html
Another image on this vase depicts a snake twined around a small tree. Snakes are symbols of earth.
The snake twined round a staff is an international symbol of healing. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/popup/images/snake_symbol.jpg
The logo of the American Medical Association features the icon of a snake twined round a staff. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Logo(ama).png
Orphic Hymn 67. To Health describes Hygeia as “mother of all” and “universal queen” who is loved by all but Pluto, the immortal God of the afterlife:
“O Much-desir’d, prolific, gen’ral queen.
Hear me, life-bearing Health, of beauteous mien,
Mother of all; by thee diseases dire,
Of bliss destructive, from our life retire;
And ev’ry house is flourishing and fair,
If with rejoicing aspect thou art there:
Each daedal art, thy vig’rous force inspires,
And all the world thy helping hand desires;
Pluto life's bane alone resists thy will,
And ever hates thy all-preserving skill.
O fertile queen, from thee forever flows
To mortal life from agony repose;
And men without thy all-sustaining ease,
Find nothing useful, nothing form’d to please;
Without thy aid, not Plutus' self can thrive,
Nor man to much afflicted age arrive;
For thou alone, of countenance serene,
Dost govern all things, universal queen.
Assist thy mystics with propitious mind,
And far avert disease of ev’ry kind."
(Orpheus. The Hymns of Orpheus (circa 200 BCE). translated by Thomas Taylor, Introductory Preface by Manly P. Hall (London: Printed for the Author, 1792. Reprinted Los Angeles, CA: The Philosophical Research Society, 1981) 199.)
The Greek text is shown below.
Ἱμερόεσσ', ἐρατή, πολυθάλμιε, παμβασίλεια,
κλῦθι, μάκαιρ' Ὑγίεια, φερόλβιε, μῆτερ ἁπάντων
ἐκ σέο γὰρ νοῦσοι μὲν ἀποφθινύθουσι βροτοῖσι,
πᾶς δὲ δόμος θάλλει πολυγηθὴς εἵνεκα σεῖο,
καὶ τέχναι βρίθουσιἦ ποθεῖ δέ σε κόσμος, ἄνασσα,
μοῦνος δὲ στυγέει σ' Ἀίδης ψυχοφθόρος αἰεί,
ἀιθαλής, εὐκταιοτάτη, θνητῶν ἀνάπαυμα
σοῦ γὰρ ἄτερ πάντ' ἐστὶν ἀνωφελῆ ἀνθρώποισιν
οὔτε γὰρ ὀλβοδότης πλοῦτος γλυκερὸς θαλίηισιν,
οὔτε γέρων πολύμοχθος ἄτερ σέο γίγνεται ἀνήρ
πάντων γὰρ κρατέεις μούνη καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνάσσεις.
ἀλλά, θεά, μόλε μυστιπόλοις ἐπιτάρροθος αἰεὶ
ῥυομένη νούσων χαλεπῶν κακόποτμον ἀνίην.
HYMNS AND HYMENS
Hymns are sacred songs, a method of communing with the divine.
Umnos (ὕμνος) means hymn, literally “pure meta prevailing.”
Umenaios (ύμέναιος) means the wedding or bridal song; wedding.
Umeen (ύμήν) means hymen; thin skin, membrane, caul, literally “pure meta center.”
GLASS
HistoryofGlass.com relates that the first glass vessels were made circa 1500 BCE in Egypt and Mesopotamia. http://www.historyofglass.com/
Ual- (ὕᾰλ-) and uel- (ύελ-) are prefixes meaning glass.
Ualos (ὕᾰλος) and uelos (ὕελος) mean some kind of crystalline stone, rock-crystal; a convex lens of crystal used as a burning glass; also, glass.
Quartz crystal cluster. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Lechaterlierite is a glass formed when lightning strikes in quartz sand.
SLEEP
Upnos (Ὓπνος) means Hypnos, the immortal God of sleep, slumber, literally “pure bridge/unifying prevailing entity.”
Detail of the figure of Hypnos (sleep personified). The God is depicted with winged sandals and brow. He holds a branch dripping with the somnulent waters of the river Lethe. http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/N13.1.html
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, USA Catalogue Number: Malibu 86.AE.680, Apulian Red Figure Loutrophoros, Attributed to the Painter of Louvre MNB 1148, circa 350 - 340 BCE.
Hypnos is a bridge to inspirational messages from the divine in the form of dreams and is called the brother of (or bridge to) death.
“At the end of his life, having reached a very great age, Gorgias of Leontini was overcome by weakness and lay gradually slipping away into sleep. When one of his friends came to see him and asked how he was, Gorgias said: ‘Sleep [Hypnos] is now beginning to hand me over to his brother [Thanatos, death].’"
(Claudius Aelian (circa 250 CE). Historical Miscellany 2. 34, Loeb Classical Library, translated by Nigel Guy Wilson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997) 107-109.) http://books.google.com/books?id=dma9h97GkvUC&q=hypnos#v=onepage&q=leontini&f=false
"Not far from the Muses' Hall [at Troizenos in Argolis] is an old altar . . . Upon it they sacrifice to the Muses and to Sleep [Hypnos], saying that Sleep is the [G]od that is dearest to the Muses."
(Pausanias. Description of Greece 2. 31. 3, translated by W. H. S. Jones and H. A. Omerod, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann, 1918.)
http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias2C.html
Orphic Hymn 84. To Sleep (5-12) says:
“ . . . 'Tis thine all bodies with benignant mind
In other bands than those of brass to bind:
Tamer of cares, to weary toil repose,
From whom sweet solace in affliction flows.
Thy pleasing, gentle chains preserve the soul,
And e'en the dreadful cares of death controul;
For death and Lethe with oblivious stream,
Mankind thy genuine brothers justly deem . . .”
PURE UNIFIED
The prefix up- (ύπ-) literally means “pure unified (with).”
Words beginning with the letters up- (ύπ-) are often translated to mean either above (ύπέρ- (hyper-)) or below (ύπό- (hypo-)).
These prefixes have the literal translation of:
-uper (ύπέρ- (hyper-)): “pure unified (with) essence outflow”
-upo (ύπό- (hypo-)): “pure unified (with) entity.”
It should be noted that the prefix per- (περ-) means “all around,” so that while it is reasonable to translate the prefix uper- (ύπέρ-) as above, doing so is an incomplete translation. For example, Uperion (Ύπερίων) means Hyperion, the immortal God of the sun; note that perion (περίων) means go round, compass, so that Uperion (Ύπερίων) (Hyperion) translates as “pure compass.”
Upo (ύπό) is pluralistically defined by the Lexicon to mean under, underlying; by; from; accompanied by; towards; in the course of, during; about, at the time of; up to a point, somewhat.
Upago (ύπάγω) means lead, go away, withdraw, retire; ago (άγω) means lead, carry, bring.
Upeeerios (ύπᾱέριος, ύπηέριος) means exposed to the air; living in the air; of the bird; aer- (ᾱέρ-) means air.
Upaithrios (ὕπαιθᾰ) means in the open air, outdoor; aith- (αιθ-) means ether, air.
Upakouos (ύπᾰκουός) means obedient to; akou- (ᾰκου-) means listen to, the basis for the word acoustic.
Uparcho (ύπάρχω) means begin, take the initiative, undertake; to be the beginning, originally existing; archo (άρχω) means begin.
Upenerthe (ύπένερθε) means underneath, under the earth, in the netherworld; enerthe (ένερθε) means from beneath, below.
Upecho (ύπέχω) means hold under, put under; echo (έχω) means have, hold, possess, have charge of.
Upogeison (ύπόγεισον) means ever-living, everlasting, immortal; geios (γειος) means earth.
Upodeem- (ύροδημ-) means sandal, shoe; pod- (pod-) means foot.
Upothesis (ύπόθεσις) means hypothesis, proposal, proposed action, suggestion, advice; thesis (θεσις) means position.
Upomneema (ύπόμνημα) means reminder, memorial, remembrance, note, memo, note for remembrance; mneema (μνημα) means memory.
Upostathmee (ύποστάθμη) means foundation; stathmee (στάθμη) means plumbline, carpenter’s line or rule.
Upostasis (ύπόστᾰσις) means standing under, supporting, origin, foundation, plan, substance; stasis (στᾰσις) means the place in which one stands, setting.
Upochreestees (ύποχρήστης) means assistant to the chreestees/”oracle” (χρήστης).
TREES
The structure of trees resemble the letter Υ.
Tree. http://sheilanewbery.wordpress.com/category/trees/
Ulee (ὕλη) means forest, woodland. Ulo- (ύλο-) is a prefix meaning wood, woods.
Ulaios (ύλαῖος) means belonging to the wood or forest.
Crowns of leaves were bestowed on victors in the Olympic games and other persons of honor.
Ovid says the purity of trees is the reason priests wear a crown of wreathes:
“Our Roman fathers gave the name of februa to instruments of purifications: even to this day there are many proofs that such was the meaning of the world . . .The same name is given to the bough, which, cut from a pure tree, wreathes with its leaves the holy brows of the priests.”
(Ovid (circa 50 BCE – 50 CE). Fasti 2.19, translated by James G. Frazer, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1931. http://www.theoi.com/Text/OvidFasti2.html )
Golden laurel wreath, probably from Cyprus, circa 350 BCE; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim, Germany. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lorbeerkranz_Zypern_rem.jpg
OTHER
Uakinthos (ύακινθος) means hyacinth, a fragrant, early-blooming Spring flower, “pure arising core divine-power prevailing.”
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus), Cambridge, England: Botanic Garden.
http://www.cambridge2000.com/gallery/html/P3205552.html
Ubris (ὕβρις) means hubris; wanton violence, insolence, lewdness, an outrage on the person, violation; a violent, overbearing man, “pure base outflow.”
Unis (ὕνις) means ploughshare. A ploughshare somewhat resembles the shape of the letter Υ.
Ploughing the fields with ploughshare. http://paleoglot.blogspot.com/2010/09/sowing-wild-oats-and-plowing-fields.html
Upar (ὕπᾰρ) means real appearance seen in a state of waking; waking vision; awake; in reality, actually; no illusive dream, but a vision of reality, “pure unified arising outflow.”
Uparksis (ὕπαρξις) means existence, reality, substance.
Usiris (Ὓσῑρις) is a name for Osiris, the Egyptian father-God, “pure synchronized divine outflow.”
Ussopos (ὕσσωπος) means hyssop, Origanum hirtum, a plant having antiseptic and expectorant properties which may have been used in purification rituals or in medical treatments.
Uphaino (ύφαίνω) means create, construct, contrive, plan, weave.
Uphantos (ύφαντός) means woven.
Uphen (ύφέν) means hyphen, in one, as a single word.
Upsi- (ύψῐ-) is a prefix meaning high; psia (ψῐά) means joy, delight: “pure joy.”
Words that have Υ as the second letter strengthen/clarify the meaning of the first letter:
αυ “arising pure” EXAMPLE: αύτο- (alone)
βυ “basis pure” EXAMPLE: βῠθός - (the depth, bottom)
γυ “generative pure” EXAMPLE: γυμ- (unclothed, unadorned)
δυ “directed-trajectory pure” EXAMPLE: δύν- (powerful)
εύ “essence pure” EXAMPLE: εύ- (good, right)
ζυ “spark-of-life pure” EXAMPLE: ζυ- (pair up)
ήὕ “center pure” EXAMPLE: ήὕς (good, brave)
θυ “divine pure” EXAMPLE: θῡμός (soul)
ίυ “divine-power pure” EXAMPLE: ίυ- (shriek, yell, shout)
κυ “core pure” EXAMPLE: κύ- (pregnancy, fetus)
λυ “loosen pure” EXAMPLE: λύτήρ (deliverer); λύκη (morning, twilight)
μυ “meta/medium pure” EXAMPLE: μύστης (one initiated)
νυ “prevailing pure” EXAMPLE: νῦν (now); Νύμφᾱ (prevailing Goddess)
ξυ “detach-from pure” EXAMPLE: ξῠλεύς (woodcutter); ξῠρόν (razor)
ου “intact-entity pure” EXAMPLE: ούσία (immutable reality)
πυ “unified pure” EXAMPLE: Πῦθία (Delphic “oracle”)
ϟυ “pierce-the-veil pure” EXAMPLE: ϟύλυιξ (wine cup/a means of communing with Dionysos)
ρυ “outflow pure” EXAMPLE: ῤύμα (anything that flows)
συ “in-sync pure” EXAMPLE: σύν (together)
τυ “stretch pure” EXAMPLE: τύρσις (tower, turret)
φυ "divine-entity pure" EXAMPLE: φύσις (nature, origin, genesis, originating power, birth)
χυ "foundation pure" EXAMPLE: χυ (gold)
ψυ "incorporeal pure" EXAMPLE: ψυχή (soul)
ωυ "brings-forth pure" EXAMPLE: ᾦῧφιον (little egg)
The letter Υ means pure, purified, purifying.
Note that psilon (ψιλόν) means simple, bare, unaccompanied, stripped of appendages, so that upsilon (Υ ψιλόν) means “pure simply.”
The alchemical symbol for water is an inverted triangle, reminiscent of the top part of the letter Υ.
Alchemical symbol for water. http://www.ancient-symbols.com/alchemy_symbols.html
WATER
A goblet, an ancient vessel for potable liquids, has the shape of Υ.
Bucchero goblet decorated with animals, griffins, and people, Etruscan, circa 600-575 BCE. Probably made in Tarquinia (ancient Etruria), Lazio, Italy. British Museum, room 71, Etruscan World.
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/b/bucchero_ware_drinking_cup.aspx
Modern and ancient methods for purifying water have the shape of the letter Υ.
A single manicum or sleeve of Hippocrates filtering the drink into a hippocras pot used for serving. http://www.historicfood.com/Ypocras.htm
Simple water filtration. http://www.luminoruv.com/education_filtration.php
Water filtration. http://www.koniaus.com/technology_water_filtration.html
The Pure Water Bottle filters soiled water in two minutes by using a combination of 4 micron-sized water filters and a wind-up ultraviolet light system, removing up to 99.9% of impurities from any water source.
http://inhabitat.com/6-water-purifying-devices-for-clean-drinking-water-in-the-developing-world/
Water is used universally for practical and ritual cleansing and purification. Nonnos describes the ritual use of water in the founding of Thebes:
“[In the founding of Grecian Thebes] Cadmos brought the sacred cow beside an altar smoking with incense, and sought for a rill of spring water, that he might cleanse his ministering hands and pour the pure water over the sacrifice . . .”
(Nonnos (circa 450 CE). Dionysiaca Books 4.344, translated by W.H.D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1940). http://www.theoi.com/Text/NonnusDionysiaca4.html
Rainwater is one of the purest, most potable forms of water.
Uo (ὕω) means rain.
Uetos (ύετός) means rain. Uetia (ύετία) means rainy weather.
Ueus (Ύεύς) and Uees (Ὕης) are epithets of Zeus as the immortal God of fertilizing rain.
Uee (Ὕη) is another name for Semele, the mortal mother of the immortal wine God Dionysos.
Udron (ύδρων) is Hydron the month in which the constellation Aquarius (the water-bearer) rises (January-February).
Udor (ὕδωρ) means rain; rain-water.
Udro- (ύδρο-), “hydro-,” is a prefix meaning water.
Udatoo (ύδᾰτόω) means to be liquid, watery. Udat- (ύδᾰτ-) is a prefix meaning watery.
Udria (ύδρία) means hydria, a water-pot, pitcher of potable water.
Black-figured water-jar (hydria) with a scene at a fountain-house. Greek, about 520-500 BCE. Made in Athens, Greece; from Vulci in Etruria (now in Lazio, Italy), The British Museum.
“The fountain-house is shown as a small but elegant building with a pediment above two Ionic columns, and a central partition. Inside, two women are filling jars with water, which gushes out of lion-headed spouts. At each side, two more women walk away with full water-jars on their heads . . . this and similar scenes may show preparations for a ritual known as the Hydrophoria. This took place on the second day of the spring festival of the Anthesteria, and involved the ceremonial pouring of water into a particular chasm.” http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/b/black-figured_water-jar.aspx
Udrops (ύδρωψ, ὕδρωψ) mean dropsy, a condition in which the tissues of the body become swollen with fluid; also, any watery discharge.
Udnon (ὕδνον) means truffle. A truffle is an edible, subterranean fungi. According to GarlandTruffles.com, to cultivate truffles, “Moisture throughout the year is essential.”
Truffle. http://www.truffle-and-truffe.com/index-uk.htm
Udra (ὕδρα), “hydra,” means water-serpent.
Ugra- (ύγρά) means to be wet or moist. Ugro- (ύγρο-) is a prefix meaning wet, watery.
Ugros (ύγρός) means wet, moist, fluid.
Ulis (ύλις) means mud.
Ubos (ὗβος) means the hump of a camel, believed to play a role in the camel’s remarkable ability to remain hydrated during long periods without water in the desert.
A camel. http://www.clker.com/clipart-52291.html
HYADES CONSTELLATION
The V-shaped constellation Uades (Ύάδες), the Hyades, rises in the east at the head of Taurus, the bull, in April/May, and sets in September/October. These dates generally correspond with the Spring and Autumn equinoxes.
The Hyades setting in the fall heralds the rainy season in Greece.
The v-shaped Hyades cluster. http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2008/11/21/high-five-the-hyades-tonight/
Ovid calls the Hyades the nurses of the immortal God of wine, and the granddaughters of the immortal God and Goddess of the ocean.
"But when darkening twilight ushers in the night,
The whole flock of Hyades is revealed.
Taurus' face gleams with seven rays of fire, which Greek
Sailors call Hyades from their rain-word.
To some they were the nurses of Bacchus, to others
Granddaughters of Tethys and old Ocean.”
(Ovid. Fasti 5.164-168, translated by A. J. Boyle and R. D. Woodard (London and New York: Penguin Books, 2004) 118.)
According to Hyginus and Cicero, the Hyades are called suculae by the Romans. This may be in reference to their setting corresponding with the sacrifice of suckling-pigs at the Greater Eleusinian festival in the fall.
“ . . . the Hyades . . . They call these same stars Suculae in Latin, but certain authors say that they are called Hyades from the fact that they are positioned in the shape of the Greek letter Υ. Quite a few say that it is because they bring rain with them when they rise (the Greek for “to rain” is hyein).”
(Hyginus. Fabulae 192, (Apollodorus’ Library and Hyginus’ Fabulae) translated by R. Scott Smith and Stephen M. Trzaskoma (Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing, 2007) 162.) http://books.google.com/books?id=vczTNMWLGdoC&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=Pseudo-Hyginus,+Fabulae+192&source=bl&ots=mT6h5bU2zt&sig=cqJU98yMHIA83EKl2Tu_l4LWYdU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aauzUKeHN8jE0AGK84HoDg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=hyades&f=false
“His head (the Bull) is bespangled with a multitude of stars:
The Greeks were wont to call them Hyades,
from their bringing rain, the Greek for which is hyein,
while our nation stupidly names them the Sucking-
pigs, as though the name Hyades were derived from
the word for 'pig' and not from 'rain.'”
(Cicero, De Natura Deorum, II. xHii.— xliv. (2.43.111)
http://www.archive.org/stream/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft_djvu.txt
PIG
Us (ὖς) means pig, wild swine, the boar, hog, sow.
Us- (ὕσ-) is a prefix meaning pig.
Uo- (ύο-) is a prefix meaning pig.
Ueen- (ύην-) is a prefix meaning pig, swine, hog.
Ueikos (ύεικός), uikos (ύϊκός), and ueios (ὕειος) means of, for, or belonging to pigs.
Pigs are particularly earth-loving animals. They wallow in mud and uproot food with their snouts.
Pigs love mud. http://www.factzoo.com/mammals/domestic-pig-pink-porky-mud-wallower.html
The shape of the Chinese symbol for pig is somewhat similar to the letter Υ.
Chinese symbol for pig. http://asianform.com/Asian_Languages.php
Pigs are traditionally associated with Greek purification rituals and especially, but not exclusively, with Demeter, the immortal Goddess of agriculture.
“The blood of the pig was considered a very potent agent of purification with the power to absorb the impure spirit inhabiting human beings . . . Since the small animal became as emblematic of the celebration (of Demeter at Eleusis) as the torch and the kernos, we find it represented in the arms of mystai in a number of works of art.”
(George E. Mylonas. Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961) 249-250.)
“On the 16th (day of Boedromion) . . . purification rites were held. The initiates bathed in the sea, each with a suckling pig which they later sacrificed.”
(Joint Association of Classical Teachers. The World of Athens: An Introduction to Classical Athenian Culture (Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 125.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=VgDKeqi4or8C&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=Suckling+pigs+were+bathed+and+sacrificed+at+the+Greater+Eleusinian+Mysteries&source=bl&ots=6_wxNYCvZO&sig=rdnja9gbNnyzu2dx694gOWYcod4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=N0a1UN-WIeWG0QGagYHYBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Suckling%20pigs%20were%20bathed%20and%20sacrificed%20at%20the%20Greater%20Eleusinian%20Mysteries&f=false
“At a certain time of the year, perhaps at the festival of the threshing, pigs were thrown into subterranean hollows. The putrefied remains were brought up again at the festival of the autumn sowing—the Thesmophoria—laid on altars, and mixed with seed corn—a very simple and old-fashioned fertility charm. The swine was the holy animal of Demeter. Pigs were sacrificed by the mystae before their initiation, and figures of swine are found at Demeter’s sanctuaries at Eleusis, at Cnidus, and elsewhere.”
(Martin P. Nilsson. Greek Popular Religion, “The Religion of Eleusis” (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1940 and reprinted by BiblioBazaar, 2008) 49.)
http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/gpr07.htm
Ancient coins from Eleusis depict a pig standing balanced on a rod with a bull’s head as the fulcrum. The reverse side is believed to be Triptolemos, a favorite of the immortal Goddess Demeter to whom she entrusted the secrets of agriculture. The bull’s head is the head of the constellation Taurus (April-May).
10801. ATTICA, ELEUSIS, Circa 340-335 BCE. AE (17mm, 4.09 g, 5h). Eleusis mint. Triptolemos, holding grain ear, seated right in winged chariot being drawn by two serpents / Pig standing right on mystic staff; bucranium below. Kroll 38h; Svoronos, Monnaies pl. 103, 4-5. VF, dark brown patina, obverse a bit off center.
Attica - Eleusis. circa 350-250 BCE. AE 12 mm. Triptolemos, favourite of Demeter, seated left in winged car drawn by serpents, holding corn-ears / Boar standing right on bacchos; beneath, bull's head.
http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/attica/eleusis/SNGCop_415.jpg
Eleusis, Attica, ca. 350-330 B.C. AE 16. Triptolemos, holding grain ear in right hand, seated left in winged chariot being drawn by two serpents / ELEUSI, boar standing right on mystic staff; boar's head and ivy leaf below. Kroll 38; Svor. pl. 103, 2-3; SNG Cop 414. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/attica/eleusis/t.html
Pausanias describes the judges at the Olympics purifying themselves with pigs and water:
“Whatever ritual it is the duty of either the Sixteen Women or the Elean umpires (of Olympus) to perform, they do not perform before they have purified themselves with a pig meet for purification and with water.”
(Pausanias (circa 150 CE). Description of Greece 5.16.8, translated by W. H. S. Jones and H. A. Omerod, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1918.) http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias5B.html
Below, the immortal God Apollo purifies the murderer Orestes with the blood of a piglet.
Orestes is purified by the god Apollo at Delphi, appeasing the Furies (Erinyes) of his mother Klytaimnestra who torment him for the crime of matricide. The hero sits upon the Delphic altar as Apollon purifies him with the blood of a suckling pig. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France, Apulian Red Figure Krater, Attributed to the Eumenides Painter, circa 380 - 370 BCE. http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T40.6.html
Jason and Medea sought purification for the murder of Medea’s brother in like manner:
" . . . she (Circe) began to offer the sacrifice with which ruthless suppliants are cleansed from guilt when they approach the altar. First, to atone for the murder still unexpiated, she held above their heads the young of a sow whose dugs yet swelled from the fruit of the womb, and, severing its neck, sprinkled their hands with the blood . . .”
(Apollonius Rhodius. Argonautica 4. 700 ff, translated by R. C. Seaton, Loeb Classical Library (London: William Heinemann, 1912.) http://www.theoi.com/Text/ApolloniusRhodius4.html )
UTERUS
The uterus is in the shape of the letter Υ.
The uterus could be considered a vessel for a pure soul.
Us (ὖς), “hys,” means mother; female genitals.
Ustera (ύστέρα) means hystera, ovary; womb, uterus, literally “pure synchronized-contraction stretch/extend essence outflow arising.”
Uterus. http://www.news-medical.net/image.axd?picture=2012%2F11%2Futerus-1.jpg
Uphaimos (ὕφαιμος) means filled with blood, containing blood.
Uios (υίός) means child, literally “pure divine-power entity.”
Uda (ύϊδῆ) means granddaughter. Uidous (ύϊδοῦς) means grandson.
HYGIENE
Ugieia (Ύγίεια) is Hygeia, the immortal Goddess of health and the basis for the word hygiene.
Hygeia is one of the deities to whom the Hippocratic Oath is sworn:
"I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia, and all the [G]ods and [G]oddesses, making them my witnesses . . .”
(Hippocrates as quoted by Ludwig Edelstein. The Hippocratic Oath Text, Translation and Interpretation (Baltimore: Hopkins Press, 1943.)
http://books.google.com/books?id=1ZvgAAAAMAAJ&q=I+swear#search_anchor
Webster’s defines hygiene as “the science that deals with the preservation of health; a condition or practice conducive to the preservation of health, as cleanliness.”
Ugi- (ύγῐ-) is a prefix meaning make sound or healthy, heal, cure, literally “pure generative divine-power.”
Ugeios (ὕγειος) means sound, unbroken.
Ugiazo (ύγῐάζω) means make sound or healthy, heal, cure.
Upal- (ὕπάλ-) is a prefix meaning salve.
The hydria, below, features an image of Hygeia.
Red-figured water jar (hydria), signed by Meidias as potter
Greek, about 420-400 BCE From Athens, Greece, British Museum. http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/r/red-figured_water_jar,_athens.aspx
Detail of Hygeia, Athenian red-figure hydria, circa 450 BCE, British Museum, London, Catalogue Number: London E224 Beazley Archive Number: 220497, Attributed to the Meidias Painter. http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/AsklepiasHygeia.html
Another image on this vase depicts a snake twined around a small tree. Snakes are symbols of earth.
The snake twined round a staff is an international symbol of healing. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/popup/images/snake_symbol.jpg
The logo of the American Medical Association features the icon of a snake twined round a staff. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Logo(ama).png
Orphic Hymn 67. To Health describes Hygeia as “mother of all” and “universal queen” who is loved by all but Pluto, the immortal God of the afterlife:
“O Much-desir’d, prolific, gen’ral queen.
Hear me, life-bearing Health, of beauteous mien,
Mother of all; by thee diseases dire,
Of bliss destructive, from our life retire;
And ev’ry house is flourishing and fair,
If with rejoicing aspect thou art there:
Each daedal art, thy vig’rous force inspires,
And all the world thy helping hand desires;
Pluto life's bane alone resists thy will,
And ever hates thy all-preserving skill.
O fertile queen, from thee forever flows
To mortal life from agony repose;
And men without thy all-sustaining ease,
Find nothing useful, nothing form’d to please;
Without thy aid, not Plutus' self can thrive,
Nor man to much afflicted age arrive;
For thou alone, of countenance serene,
Dost govern all things, universal queen.
Assist thy mystics with propitious mind,
And far avert disease of ev’ry kind."
(Orpheus. The Hymns of Orpheus (circa 200 BCE). translated by Thomas Taylor, Introductory Preface by Manly P. Hall (London: Printed for the Author, 1792. Reprinted Los Angeles, CA: The Philosophical Research Society, 1981) 199.)
The Greek text is shown below.
Ἱμερόεσσ', ἐρατή, πολυθάλμιε, παμβασίλεια,
κλῦθι, μάκαιρ' Ὑγίεια, φερόλβιε, μῆτερ ἁπάντων
ἐκ σέο γὰρ νοῦσοι μὲν ἀποφθινύθουσι βροτοῖσι,
πᾶς δὲ δόμος θάλλει πολυγηθὴς εἵνεκα σεῖο,
καὶ τέχναι βρίθουσιἦ ποθεῖ δέ σε κόσμος, ἄνασσα,
μοῦνος δὲ στυγέει σ' Ἀίδης ψυχοφθόρος αἰεί,
ἀιθαλής, εὐκταιοτάτη, θνητῶν ἀνάπαυμα
σοῦ γὰρ ἄτερ πάντ' ἐστὶν ἀνωφελῆ ἀνθρώποισιν
οὔτε γὰρ ὀλβοδότης πλοῦτος γλυκερὸς θαλίηισιν,
οὔτε γέρων πολύμοχθος ἄτερ σέο γίγνεται ἀνήρ
πάντων γὰρ κρατέεις μούνη καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνάσσεις.
ἀλλά, θεά, μόλε μυστιπόλοις ἐπιτάρροθος αἰεὶ
ῥυομένη νούσων χαλεπῶν κακόποτμον ἀνίην.
HYMNS AND HYMENS
Hymns are sacred songs, a method of communing with the divine.
Umnos (ὕμνος) means hymn, literally “pure meta prevailing.”
Umenaios (ύμέναιος) means the wedding or bridal song; wedding.
Umeen (ύμήν) means hymen; thin skin, membrane, caul, literally “pure meta center.”
GLASS
HistoryofGlass.com relates that the first glass vessels were made circa 1500 BCE in Egypt and Mesopotamia. http://www.historyofglass.com/
Ual- (ὕᾰλ-) and uel- (ύελ-) are prefixes meaning glass.
Ualos (ὕᾰλος) and uelos (ὕελος) mean some kind of crystalline stone, rock-crystal; a convex lens of crystal used as a burning glass; also, glass.
Quartz crystal cluster. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Lechaterlierite is a glass formed when lightning strikes in quartz sand.
SLEEP
Upnos (Ὓπνος) means Hypnos, the immortal God of sleep, slumber, literally “pure bridge/unifying prevailing entity.”
Detail of the figure of Hypnos (sleep personified). The God is depicted with winged sandals and brow. He holds a branch dripping with the somnulent waters of the river Lethe. http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/N13.1.html
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, USA Catalogue Number: Malibu 86.AE.680, Apulian Red Figure Loutrophoros, Attributed to the Painter of Louvre MNB 1148, circa 350 - 340 BCE.
Hypnos is a bridge to inspirational messages from the divine in the form of dreams and is called the brother of (or bridge to) death.
“At the end of his life, having reached a very great age, Gorgias of Leontini was overcome by weakness and lay gradually slipping away into sleep. When one of his friends came to see him and asked how he was, Gorgias said: ‘Sleep [Hypnos] is now beginning to hand me over to his brother [Thanatos, death].’"
(Claudius Aelian (circa 250 CE). Historical Miscellany 2. 34, Loeb Classical Library, translated by Nigel Guy Wilson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997) 107-109.) http://books.google.com/books?id=dma9h97GkvUC&q=hypnos#v=onepage&q=leontini&f=false
"Not far from the Muses' Hall [at Troizenos in Argolis] is an old altar . . . Upon it they sacrifice to the Muses and to Sleep [Hypnos], saying that Sleep is the [G]od that is dearest to the Muses."
(Pausanias. Description of Greece 2. 31. 3, translated by W. H. S. Jones and H. A. Omerod, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann, 1918.)
http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias2C.html
Orphic Hymn 84. To Sleep (5-12) says:
“ . . . 'Tis thine all bodies with benignant mind
In other bands than those of brass to bind:
Tamer of cares, to weary toil repose,
From whom sweet solace in affliction flows.
Thy pleasing, gentle chains preserve the soul,
And e'en the dreadful cares of death controul;
For death and Lethe with oblivious stream,
Mankind thy genuine brothers justly deem . . .”
PURE UNIFIED
The prefix up- (ύπ-) literally means “pure unified (with).”
Words beginning with the letters up- (ύπ-) are often translated to mean either above (ύπέρ- (hyper-)) or below (ύπό- (hypo-)).
These prefixes have the literal translation of:
-uper (ύπέρ- (hyper-)): “pure unified (with) essence outflow”
-upo (ύπό- (hypo-)): “pure unified (with) entity.”
It should be noted that the prefix per- (περ-) means “all around,” so that while it is reasonable to translate the prefix uper- (ύπέρ-) as above, doing so is an incomplete translation. For example, Uperion (Ύπερίων) means Hyperion, the immortal God of the sun; note that perion (περίων) means go round, compass, so that Uperion (Ύπερίων) (Hyperion) translates as “pure compass.”
Upo (ύπό) is pluralistically defined by the Lexicon to mean under, underlying; by; from; accompanied by; towards; in the course of, during; about, at the time of; up to a point, somewhat.
Upago (ύπάγω) means lead, go away, withdraw, retire; ago (άγω) means lead, carry, bring.
Upeeerios (ύπᾱέριος, ύπηέριος) means exposed to the air; living in the air; of the bird; aer- (ᾱέρ-) means air.
Upaithrios (ὕπαιθᾰ) means in the open air, outdoor; aith- (αιθ-) means ether, air.
Upakouos (ύπᾰκουός) means obedient to; akou- (ᾰκου-) means listen to, the basis for the word acoustic.
Uparcho (ύπάρχω) means begin, take the initiative, undertake; to be the beginning, originally existing; archo (άρχω) means begin.
Upenerthe (ύπένερθε) means underneath, under the earth, in the netherworld; enerthe (ένερθε) means from beneath, below.
Upecho (ύπέχω) means hold under, put under; echo (έχω) means have, hold, possess, have charge of.
Upogeison (ύπόγεισον) means ever-living, everlasting, immortal; geios (γειος) means earth.
Upodeem- (ύροδημ-) means sandal, shoe; pod- (pod-) means foot.
Upothesis (ύπόθεσις) means hypothesis, proposal, proposed action, suggestion, advice; thesis (θεσις) means position.
Upomneema (ύπόμνημα) means reminder, memorial, remembrance, note, memo, note for remembrance; mneema (μνημα) means memory.
Upostathmee (ύποστάθμη) means foundation; stathmee (στάθμη) means plumbline, carpenter’s line or rule.
Upostasis (ύπόστᾰσις) means standing under, supporting, origin, foundation, plan, substance; stasis (στᾰσις) means the place in which one stands, setting.
Upochreestees (ύποχρήστης) means assistant to the chreestees/”oracle” (χρήστης).
TREES
The structure of trees resemble the letter Υ.
Tree. http://sheilanewbery.wordpress.com/category/trees/
Ulee (ὕλη) means forest, woodland. Ulo- (ύλο-) is a prefix meaning wood, woods.
Ulaios (ύλαῖος) means belonging to the wood or forest.
Crowns of leaves were bestowed on victors in the Olympic games and other persons of honor.
Ovid says the purity of trees is the reason priests wear a crown of wreathes:
“Our Roman fathers gave the name of februa to instruments of purifications: even to this day there are many proofs that such was the meaning of the world . . .The same name is given to the bough, which, cut from a pure tree, wreathes with its leaves the holy brows of the priests.”
(Ovid (circa 50 BCE – 50 CE). Fasti 2.19, translated by James G. Frazer, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1931. http://www.theoi.com/Text/OvidFasti2.html )
Golden laurel wreath, probably from Cyprus, circa 350 BCE; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim, Germany. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lorbeerkranz_Zypern_rem.jpg
OTHER
Uakinthos (ύακινθος) means hyacinth, a fragrant, early-blooming Spring flower, “pure arising core divine-power prevailing.”
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus), Cambridge, England: Botanic Garden.
http://www.cambridge2000.com/gallery/html/P3205552.html
Ubris (ὕβρις) means hubris; wanton violence, insolence, lewdness, an outrage on the person, violation; a violent, overbearing man, “pure base outflow.”
Unis (ὕνις) means ploughshare. A ploughshare somewhat resembles the shape of the letter Υ.
Ploughing the fields with ploughshare. http://paleoglot.blogspot.com/2010/09/sowing-wild-oats-and-plowing-fields.html
Upar (ὕπᾰρ) means real appearance seen in a state of waking; waking vision; awake; in reality, actually; no illusive dream, but a vision of reality, “pure unified arising outflow.”
Uparksis (ὕπαρξις) means existence, reality, substance.
Usiris (Ὓσῑρις) is a name for Osiris, the Egyptian father-God, “pure synchronized divine outflow.”
Ussopos (ὕσσωπος) means hyssop, Origanum hirtum, a plant having antiseptic and expectorant properties which may have been used in purification rituals or in medical treatments.
Uphaino (ύφαίνω) means create, construct, contrive, plan, weave.
Uphantos (ύφαντός) means woven.
Uphen (ύφέν) means hyphen, in one, as a single word.
Upsi- (ύψῐ-) is a prefix meaning high; psia (ψῐά) means joy, delight: “pure joy.”
Words that have Υ as the second letter strengthen/clarify the meaning of the first letter:
αυ “arising pure” EXAMPLE: αύτο- (alone)
βυ “basis pure” EXAMPLE: βῠθός - (the depth, bottom)
γυ “generative pure” EXAMPLE: γυμ- (unclothed, unadorned)
δυ “directed-trajectory pure” EXAMPLE: δύν- (powerful)
εύ “essence pure” EXAMPLE: εύ- (good, right)
ζυ “spark-of-life pure” EXAMPLE: ζυ- (pair up)
ήὕ “center pure” EXAMPLE: ήὕς (good, brave)
θυ “divine pure” EXAMPLE: θῡμός (soul)
ίυ “divine-power pure” EXAMPLE: ίυ- (shriek, yell, shout)
κυ “core pure” EXAMPLE: κύ- (pregnancy, fetus)
λυ “loosen pure” EXAMPLE: λύτήρ (deliverer); λύκη (morning, twilight)
μυ “meta/medium pure” EXAMPLE: μύστης (one initiated)
νυ “prevailing pure” EXAMPLE: νῦν (now); Νύμφᾱ (prevailing Goddess)
ξυ “detach-from pure” EXAMPLE: ξῠλεύς (woodcutter); ξῠρόν (razor)
ου “intact-entity pure” EXAMPLE: ούσία (immutable reality)
πυ “unified pure” EXAMPLE: Πῦθία (Delphic “oracle”)
ϟυ “pierce-the-veil pure” EXAMPLE: ϟύλυιξ (wine cup/a means of communing with Dionysos)
ρυ “outflow pure” EXAMPLE: ῤύμα (anything that flows)
συ “in-sync pure” EXAMPLE: σύν (together)
τυ “stretch pure” EXAMPLE: τύρσις (tower, turret)
φυ "divine-entity pure" EXAMPLE: φύσις (nature, origin, genesis, originating power, birth)
χυ "foundation pure" EXAMPLE: χυ (gold)
ψυ "incorporeal pure" EXAMPLE: ψυχή (soul)
ωυ "brings-forth pure" EXAMPLE: ᾦῧφιον (little egg)